Pharmacists’ Perceived Barriers Providing Non-Dispensing Services to Underserved Populations

Blazejewski, Lucas; Vaidya, Varun; Pinto, Sharrel; Gaither, Caroline A.

doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9682-0

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A major finding of this study is the recognition that manpower shortage is a crucial issue in operating PMCs, which is in line with previous studies 27,29–31 . Issues of manpower for implementing PMCs in a hospital include the great demand for dispensing work and a lack of qualified providers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A qualitative study on the development of pharmacist‐managed clinics in Taiwan

Wen

Chen

et al. 2021

J Clin Pharm Ther

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What is known and objective Pharmacist‐managed clinics (PMCs) are established to solve drug‐related problems and enhance the quality of care of ambulatory patients. Although the benefits of such services have been demonstrated, little is known about PMC operations, especially outside the United States. The aim of this study was to explore how PMCs were established and to discuss implementation issues of PMCs in Taiwan. Methods A purposive sample of pharmacists, pharmacy administrators and physicians involved with PMCs was recruited from hospitals of varying scales across Taiwan. Semi‐structured, individual interviews were conducted to understand the perceptions of the clinical service of PMCs. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by thematic analysis to find underlying themes. Results A total of 12 pharmacists, 5 pharmacy administrators and 3 physicians from 8 institutions were interviewed. Pharmacists spent 4 to 20 h per week at PMCs, and the practice experiences of PMC ranged from 1 to 6 years. PMCs have been provided in these institutions for 4 to 11 years with an average volume of 28 h and 25 patient visits weekly. Study participants described influential factors in establishing PMCs, including clinical expertise, attitude towards patient care and trust building with collaborating physicians. Operational concerns in implementing PMCs included role clarifications, manpower shortage, inadequate advanced training or certification, regulatory issues and a lack of service promotion. What is new and conclusion This research broadens the understanding of operating PMC services and reveals key requirements and concerns regarding the care model, which can be useful for other countries. Resolving perceived barriers and collecting other stakeholders’ perspectives may reinforce the integration of PMCs into patient care in the future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A qualitative study on the development of pharmacist‐managed clinics in Taiwan

Wen

Chen

et al. 2021

J Clin Pharm Ther

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“…3 However, when Blazejewski and colleagues' assessed pharmacists' perceived barriers to providing nondispensing services to underserved populations, they found a lack of interest in providing this care and that uncertainty regarding where to volunteer significantly predicted pharmacists non-involvement with underserved populations. 15 This reveals a great need to implement servicelearning curricula in pharmacy schools to specifically address pharmacists' professional obligation to provide care to underserved populations. Given that pharmacists are in a unique position to accommodate the many barriers to health care that underserved populations face, it is necessary to instill in student pharmacists not only an awareness of disparities but also a professional obligation to use their skills to minimize health disparities, as addressed in AACP's Center for the Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education (CAPE) Educational Outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Service-Learning Experiences in Free Clinics

Connor

Jonkman

et al. 2019

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

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Objective. To explore student pharmacists' perspectives on the value of pharmacy-related servicelearning experiences focused on caring for underserved populations. Methods. Student pharmacists were required to complete a three-hour volunteer experience at a free clinic in western Pennsylvania. Reflective essays from all second-and third-year student pharmacists who participated in the required service-learning experience were deidentified. Essays were thematically analyzed to formulate a list of codes that represent dominant conceptual categories. Two independent coders read and coded all essays submitted from September 2015 to May 2017 using qualitative data analysis. Codes were evaluated for intercoder variability and discrepancies were mediated through discussion. Results. Four hundred twenty-two students submitted reflective essays: 222 essays were submitted by second-year students and 200 by third-year students. The prevailing themes reflected the professional obligation students felt to provide care to the underserved, empathy for underserved patients, perspectives on equitable health resource distribution, the value of service-learning experiences, growth in interprofessional awareness, and self-reported empowerment from the experience. Themes were consistent in the reflective essays of both second-year and third-year students. Third-year students' essays reflected a greater sense of self-assurance and confidence in their role at the free clinics. Students made connections between their didactic learning and experiential education. Conclusion. Student pharmacists valued their experiences working in underserved settings. Free clinics provide opportunities for student pharmacists to develop hands-on training as well as gain a broader perspective on underserved populations, health resource distribution, and the role of pharmacists.

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“…Pharmacists reported that their current assignments are mainly logistical. This generates dissatisfaction, as some of their clinical activities are not recognized by other health team professionals, perceptions also reported in other studies [ 26 , 27 ]. According to Bermond et al the pharmacist still takes predominantly administrative actions at the expense of health education actions such as guidance and promotion of responsible use of medicines [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil

Alcântara

Onozato

Neto

et al. 2018

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundDuring the process of implementation of clinical pharmacy services, internal and external factors may favor or hinder the incorporation of care into the hospital routine. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil.MethodsA focus group with 16 pharmacists and interviews with tree key stakeholders including managers in the pharmaceutical, medical, and nursing profession were conducted to understand their perceptions of the implementation clinical pharmacy services in a high complexity public hospital in Brazil. The service proposal was presented to the selected participants before conducting the focus group. Professionals with an overview of the hospital and influence on the relevant departments for the implementation of clinical pharmacy at the institution were selected. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed using the Bardin Content Analysis technique. Data analyzed were systematized into categories and registration units. The methodology involves the organization and analysis of reported content to make inferences.ResultsThe data obtained were divided into four categories: “Perception of the current situation”, “Implementation expectations”, “Barriers to implementation”, “Implementation facilitators”. Participants discussed the stagnation of clinical activities of the pharmaceutical profession in Brazil, a reality that results from a lack of clinical training in the country. Pharmacists expressed their expectations for changes in professional performance. According to the managers, such services would positively affect clinical outcomes for patients. Gaps in academic education, lack of knowledge, and poor communication skills were barriers reported in this study. Pharmacists’ clinical experience has been reported to facilitate the provision of services.ConclusionsThis study highlights factors that may influence the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in the institution analyzed, such as resistance, fear, and frustration as barriers, as well the experience in clinical pharmacy of some pharmacists in the institution was one of the facilitators most cited by participants. This knowledge may aid future planning for the implementation of clinical pharmacy in hospitals.

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Pharmacists’ Perceived Barriers Providing Non-Dispensing Services to Underserved Populations

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

A qualitative study on the development of pharmacist‐managed clinics in Taiwan

A qualitative study on the development of pharmacist‐managed clinics in Taiwan

Student Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Service-Learning Experiences in Free Clinics

Perceptions of a group of hospital pharmacists and other professionals of the implementation of clinical pharmacy at a high complexity public hospital in Brazil

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