Pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, utilization, and outcomes involving prescription drug monitoring programs: A brief scoping review

Johnston, Kirbee; Alley, Lindsey; Novak, Kevin; Haverly, Sarah N.; Irwin, Adriane N.; Hartung, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2018.06.003

Cited by 23 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A recent systematic review of pharmacists' roles, training, and barriers in dispensing naloxone, a life‐saving opioid antidote, reported widespread national and state policy support for pharmacists in overdose education and naloxone distribution. Identified barriers included lack of confidence making active naloxone recommendations to patients who use prescription and/or illicit opioids .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, a scoping review of pharmacist attitudes, knowledge, and use of PDMP suggested that use of this supply side tool increased parallel to knowledge and/or attitude about the PDMP. In both papers, the researchers called for more rigorous evaluations of their conclusions, more training as well as further research into the pharmacists' roles and motivations for dispensing naloxone, and using the PDMP . Increasing access to medication‐based treatment are needed, as 1.4 million, or 80% of those diagnosed with an OUD, have not received an evidence‐based treatment (such as methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both papers, the researchers called for more rigorous evaluations of their conclusions, more training as well as further research into the pharmacists' roles and motivations for dispensing naloxone, and using the PDMP. 7,8 Increasing access to medication-based treatment are needed, as 1.4 million, or 80% of those diagnosed with an OUD, have not received an evidence-based treatment (such as methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone). 9 A majority of counties in the United States still lack waivered providers of buprenorphine, with rural populations still facing OUD treatment access disparities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Bratberg

Smothers

Collins

et al. 2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Introduction Nearly 2.5 million Americans have an opioid use disorder (OUD) related to prescription and/or illicit opioids. Pharmacists, as one of the most accessible care providers, are essential in mitigating the mortality and morbidity of the opioid overdose crisis. Pharmacists are involved in numerous care activities related to this crisis and to caring for patients with an OUD. Objective The objective of this paper was to conduct a literature review to highlight several pharmacist‐driven practices that provide a broad range of prevention, harm reduction, treatment, and recovery services to patients affected or potentially affected by the opioid crisis. Methods Articles had to meet the criteria of describing pharmacist‐led practice related to providing care to patients at risk of an opioid overdose, with an OUD, or related to opioid safety. The literature search was conducted in 2018 and utilized numerous sources including: OneSearch (EBSCOhost), PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Journal of the American Pharmacists Association Opioid Topic Collection. Results Seven articles were chosen for inclusion in this review. These studies report on innovative programs and practices that describe the role of pharmacists in the opioid crisis. Studies demonstrate the types of involvement pharmacists have in caring for patients throughout the care continuum: actively engaged in upstream interventions aimed at preventing misuse and improve safety; screening and monitoring opioid prescribing and usage; providing access to naloxone; and, assisting in the recovery and rehabilitation process of patients with OUD, including collaboratively managing OUD with evidence‐based pharmacotherapy. Conclusion The studies included in our narrative review demonstrate how innovative programs and practices can expand the role of pharmacists throughout the entire spectrum of interventions applied to the opioid crisis by capitalizing on their existing skill sets and knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Bratberg

Smothers

Collins

et al. 2019

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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“…Pharmacists utilize prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP) to help prevent diversion of opioids and detect inappropriate prescribing, and can monitor and recognize signs of opioid misuse [8]. PDMP is a state-based electronic database accessed by prescribers and pharmacists to track controlled substance prescribing and dispensing [9]. Specific information collected from the pharmacy includes what controlled substances were dispensed, how much, to whom, and by whom [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PDMP is a state-based electronic database accessed by prescribers and pharmacists to track controlled substance prescribing and dispensing [9]. Specific information collected from the pharmacy includes what controlled substances were dispensed, how much, to whom, and by whom [9]. Pharmacists can extend patient counseling responsibilities by educating patients on risks associated with opioid use, proper storage and disposal of medication, and the consequences of sharing medications with another person [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacist Services in the Opioid Crisis: Current Practices and Scope in the United States

2019

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Introduction: Pharmacist roles promoting safe opioid use are recognized in literature and practice. Pharmacists can offer services such as counseling on opioid risks, naloxone dispensing, education on opioid storage and disposal, prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) utilization, opioid deprescribing, and providing resources for addiction treatment to help mitigate the opioid crisis. Objective: This commentary seeks to describe current and potential roles for pharmacists to combat the United States opioid crisis and identify key factors affecting service provision. Methods: The paper summarizes evidence-based studies describing current pharmacist roles and services, factors affecting service implementation, and strategies to further improve pharmacist roles and services related to promoting safe opioid use for patients. Results: Pharmacists recognize their roles and responsibilities to counsel patients on opioid risks, dispense naloxone, educate on opioid storage and disposal, utilize prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs), offer opioid deprescribing, and provide resources for addiction treatment. However, pharmacists express low confidence, time, and training as barriers to service provision. This suggests a need for structured training, resources, and organizational support for pharmacists to improve confidence and participation in such services. Conclusions: Although pharmacists are aware of roles and responsibilities to help reduce the opioid crisis, more training, education, organizational support and resources are needed to increase their ability to embody these roles.

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Factors associated with prescription drug monitoring program utilisation: a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists

2022

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Background Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMP) are databases which collect prescribing and dispensing information for high-risk medicines, and are one approach to mitigate prescription opioid-related risks. Aim To examine correlates of PDMP use under voluntary and mandatory conditions, among a representative sample of community pharmacists in Victoria, Australia. Method An online anonymous survey was conducted and collected data in relation to pharmacist and pharmacy characteristics, comfort in performing certain tasks, PDMP training and the frequency of PDMP use under voluntary and mandatory conditions. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to determine the effect of each covariate on voluntary and mandatory PDMP use. Results In total, 265 pharmacists participated (response rate 47%). Under voluntary conditions, a quarter of pharmacists (24.9%) used the PDMP all the time, while half (51.7%) used the PDMP all of the time, once mandated. Pharmacies that stocked naloxone (OR: 1.96; 95% CI 1.11–3.45) and pharmacists that had attended formal PDMP training (OR: 1.78; 95% CI 1.05–3.05), were significantly associated with regular PDMP use under voluntary conditions. Under mandatory conditions, increased odds of PDMP use were associated with pharmacies that stocked naloxone (OR: 1.88; 95% CI 1.06–3.34). Pharmacists working in regional and rural areas had significantly lower odds (OR: 0.35; 95% CI 0.20–0.63) of always using the PDMP, as did pharmacists with > 15 years’ experience (OR: 0.24; 95% CI 0.11–0.51) once use was mandated. Conclusion Given that PDMP utilisation was slower or less regular amongst pharmacists located in regional and rural areas, pharmacists with more years of experience and those not already supplying naloxone, targeted training aimed at these sub-populations may be beneficial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11096-022-01523-3.

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Pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, utilization, and outcomes involving prescription drug monitoring programs: A brief scoping review

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Pharmacist Services in the Opioid Crisis: Current Practices and Scope in the United States

Factors associated with prescription drug monitoring program utilisation: a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists

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