Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Bratberg, Jeffrey; Smothers, Zachary; Collins, Kathryn; Erstad, Brian L.; Veve, Jennifer Ruiz; Muzyk, Andrew J.

doi:10.1002/jac5.1171

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although it is known that community pharmacists' interventions in substance misuse and harm reduction can have a positive impact on substance misuse management 66,67 including SUD and the ongoing opioid crisis, 68 several barriers are identified that hinder pharmacists' role. 69,70 This study is an attempt to improve community pharmacists' involvement in substance misuse management and deliver timely interventions and harm reduction services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of patient-community pharmacist encounter toolkit regarding substance misuse: Delphi procedure

Fatani¹,

Bakke²,

Halpape³

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Background: Pharmacists' roles and services for patients with substance use are not well defined and inconsistent from site to site. Several barriers have been identified that hinder pharmacists' care for people who use substances, such as a lack of training and resources. Clinical practice tools can aid in transferring evidence-based approaches to the practice sphere. Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop a substance misuse management toolkit for community pharmacists to help them manage their encounters with people who use substances. Methods: A focused literature review was conducted and 2 needs assessment studies, one for community pharmacists and one for patients informed the development of the toolkit. The toolkit is an adaption of the screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) approach, which is one of the most well-defined and effective strategies for substance use management. However, SBIRT is a novel care model in community pharmacy settings. Therefore, a substance misuse management toolkit with 20 items was created for community pharmacists incorporating evidence-based strategies and clinical algorithms. Delphi procedure was used to validate the toolkit. Results: Two rounds of questions were sent to experts in the field of substance misuse, some of whom were pharmacists. In both rounds, these experts were asked to rate the appropriateness and clarity of items in the toolkit and provide comments and suggestions. Items with a median rating of 7 or more out of 10 were included in the toolkit. In the second round, the experts were asked to rerate the revised version and provide additional feedback. After the second round, agreement was reached for almost all items of the toolkit. Conclusion: A Delphi procedure was successfully used to provide evidence of the validity of the new guiding toolkit for community pharmacists. The toolkit will be implemented and evaluated to provide additional evidence of validity in practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of patient-community pharmacist encounter toolkit regarding substance misuse: Delphi procedure

Fatani¹,

Bakke²,

Halpape³

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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“…In this issue, Bratberg and colleagues review the novel roles of pharmacists in opioid use disorder (OUD) among seven selected published papers that discuss primary prevention (opioid misuse screening), secondary prevention (opioid prescribing management), tertiary prevention (overdose education and naloxone), and treatment (collaborative OUD management). In the spectrum of services for people who inject drugs (PWID), pharmacists also play an important role in harm reduction.…”

Section: Public Health Interventions That Reduce the Consequences Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this issue, Bratberg and colleagues 1 Pharmacists have essential public health responsibilities to serve these most vulnerable members of society and to connect them to the patient-centered care services and programs they deserve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meeting people where they're at: A focus on pharmacist harm reduction roles in the opioid crisis

Bratberg

Kubicsko

2020

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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“…2 Pharmacists are well positioned to positively impact the opioid epidemic given their widespread accessibility to communities. 3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Don’t Label Them as Addicts!” Student Pharmacists’ Views on the Stigma Associated with Opioid use Disorder

et al. 2021

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Background: Student pharmacists represent an important potential population for targeted educational interventions focused on skill and confidence development in order to improve interactions with opioid users and to decrease stigma. The objective of this study was to understand student pharmacists’ perceptions of opioid users. Methods: Focus groups were conducted with student pharmacists across Tennessee over two months in 2020. Concepts from the Transtheoretical Mode, Social Cognitive Theory, stigma, and results from a survey sent to student pharmacists were used to develop the open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was conducted to inductively identify main themes. The recruitment of student pharmacists continued until thematic saturation was obtained. Results: Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 16 student pharmacists in second, third, and fourth professional years. Thematic analysis revealed two themes: Don’t label them as addicts, Student Insight into OUD-Associated Stigma and five sub-themes: developing a judgment-free environment; unconscious bias; a possible connection between physical appearance and addiction; socio-cultural factors, addiction, and isolation; and motivators to decrease stigma. This study not only presents the pharmacy students experiences and their significance, but also reports their recommendations for addressing the stigma associated with OUD in the pharmacy curriculum. Conclusions: These ﬁndings highlight the need to normalize appropriate language when describing patients with OUD and avoid negative labels such as “addict.” The ﬁndings also indicate where the roots of stigma lie and provide some of the tools to fight stigma on different fronts. Future research should explore and address potential implicit biases throughout pharmacy curriculum.

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Pharmacists and the opioid crisis: A narrative review of pharmacists' practice roles

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Development and validation of patient-community pharmacist encounter toolkit regarding substance misuse: Delphi procedure

Development and validation of patient-community pharmacist encounter toolkit regarding substance misuse: Delphi procedure

Meeting people where they're at: A focus on pharmacist harm reduction roles in the opioid crisis

“Don’t Label Them as Addicts!” Student Pharmacists’ Views on the Stigma Associated with Opioid use Disorder

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