Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Kushtae Shangarf prepared with Jozbua (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Phitkari (alum)

Ali, Mohd Akhtar; Hamiduddin,; Zaigham, Mohammad; Ikram, M.; Ranjan, Rajeev

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_25_17

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Another hypothesis is the incomplete crystallization of alumina or due to unexpected temperature variation during the melting/crystallization of alumina during MAO process [ 28 , 29 ]. This is partially confirmed by the results of Ali et al [ 30 ], who have proved that anodizing aluminium begins at lower temperatures with the formation of the η-Al 2.667 O 4 phase, and at higher temperatures it rebuilds into Al 2 O 3 phase.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Introducing SiC particles into anodizing layer resulted instead in formation of a γ-Al 2 O 3 phase, and the η-Al 2.667 O 4 phase has also been identified. Presence of the η-Al 2.667 O 4 phase could be explained by the incomplete crystallization of alumina or due to unexpected temperature variations during the melting/crystallization of alumina during the MAO process [ 28 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Frictional Behaviour of Composite Anodized Layers on Aluminium Alloys

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Three variants of the micro arc oxidation (MAO) technique have been used to treat a 2017A alloy surface. The first variant was a pure anodized layer, the second an anodized layer with SiC embedded nanoparticles and the third an anodized layer with Si3N4 nanoparticles. Tribological tests were performed for all variants, on three samples for every case. Friction coefficients and wear rates were calculated on the basis of experiments. The pure anodized layer manifested friction coefficient values within the range of 0.48 ÷ 0.52 and a wear rate in the range ~10−15 m3N−1m−1. SiC nanoparticles improved the tribological properties of the layer, as indicated by a reduction of the friction coefficient values to the range of 0.20 ÷ 0.26 with preserved very high resistance against wear (wear rate ~10−15 m3N−1m−1). Si3N4 particles embedded in anodized layer deteriorated the tribological properties, with a reduction in the resistance against fatigue and wear, intensification of friction forces and a change in the nature of friction contact behavior to more a abrasive-like nature (friction coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 and wear rates ~10−14 m3N−1m−1).

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frictional Behaviour of Composite Anodized Layers on Aluminium Alloys

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, traditional Chinese medicine has employed the use of Hg for millennia, and the inclusion of cinnabar (HgS) in medicines has recently been reported [34,43]. Mercury (II) oxide (HgO), mercury (II) chloride (HgCl 2 ), and HgS are also used in Ayurvedic medicines, a holistic medical practice originating in India [28,32,40,41]. In one instance Hg 0 and sulfur are claimed to be detoxified by the addition of a variety of chemicals, garlic and milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical analysis of Hg0-containing Hindu religious objects

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parad items used in Hindu practices and Ayurvedic medicines contain elemental mercury (Hg0) and have traditionally been used in prayer and to treat a variety of diseases including diabetes, heart conditions, and sexual dysfunction. These items are often referred to as amalgams of silver, and take the form of shivlings, statues of gods, necklaces, and other jewelry. Fourteen parad items were purchased from online vendors in India and the United States and analyzed. All items produced copious amounts of Hg0 vapor, with Hg0 concentrations exceeding 1,000,000 ng/m3 as measured using a Mercury Instruments Mercury Tracker 3000 IP atomic absorption spectrometer. Measured concentrations were highly variable, so a simple qualitative experiment employing a UV-C light source and a thin-layer chromatography plate impregnated with a fluorescent dye that glows green when irradiated at 254 nm allowed for the indirect visualization of the Hg0 being evolved. In addition, all items were screened using a hand-held X-ray fluorescence analyzer to estimate the concentration of Hg, Sn, Pb, As, and Cd on the surface of the item. Select samples were then digested in aqua regia and analyzed for Hg content using a direct mercury analyzer. All samples were found to exceed 20% by mass Hg. The digestates were analyzed using inductively-coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry and were determined to be between 10–55% by mass Pb and contain up to 0.3% by mass As. While Article 4 of the Minamata Convention on Mercury specifically requires parties to stop importing, exporting, and manufacturing Hg-added products, products used in traditional and religious practices are excluded.

show abstract

Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods

Ahmad

Wadud²,

Jahan³

et al. 2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Though a number of studies has been carried out in terms of safety of Kushta but concerns have been raised about the presence of heavy metals in Unani formulations. Classical method of preparation of KKH and other Kushta preparation in Unani system of medicine has been found to eliminate all such issues from the end product. Hence; the present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity study of KKH prepared by Classical and Muffle furnace methods. Objective: To ascertain the safety profile of Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKH) prepared by classical and muffle furnace methods. Materials and methods: Both of the samples of KKH i.e. Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHCM) and Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHMFM) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods respectively were evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity by OECD guidelines 423 and 407 respectively. The starting dose in the acute test was 50 mg/kg and in sub-acute test, it was 134mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg b.w. Effect of both of the test samples were assessed for ponderal changes, food and water intake, relative organs weights, hematological, biochemical and histopathological features of various organs. Results: Both of the samples did not produce any sign of toxicity in acute toxicity study up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg b.w. In sub-acute toxicity study no mortality in any of the test groups was observed. KKHCM at different doses showed a slight decrease in food intake in all the test groups but significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the test group B as compared to plain control. Conclusion: KKHMFM was found to be relatively toxic than KKHCM at different dose levels. The study demonstrated that both the Classical and Muffle furnace methods of preparation of Kushta are useful for preparing KKH and also safe at the dose prescribed in Unani literature. However, the Kushta prepared by the classical method was found to be safer than the muffle furnace method.

show abstract

Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Kushtae Shangarf prepared with Jozbua (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) and Phitkari (alum)

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Frictional Behaviour of Composite Anodized Layers on Aluminium Alloys

Frictional Behaviour of Composite Anodized Layers on Aluminium Alloys

Chemical analysis of Hg0-containing Hindu religious objects

Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About