Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environment and Their Removal from Wastewater through Constructed Wetlands

Ávila, Cristina; García, Joan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00006-5

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 178 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…Personal care products (PCPs) are a heterogeneous and commonly used group of chemicals (Ávila and García 2015). Among PCPs, there are polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) as Galaxolide (HHCB), Tonalide (AHTN), Celestolide (ADBI) and Phantolide (AHDI), their common use as regards production of perfumes, soaps, house-cleaning products and detergents (Heberer 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and activated sludge: analytical protocol and application to a real case study

Tasselli

Guzzella

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Two different analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and in activated sludge were developed. PMFs in filtered water samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with a triplequadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Activated sludge samples were extracted using an ultrasonic bath and analysed using a GC-Ion trap. The developed methods respected a linear model (R 2 > 0.995). Detection limits of selected compounds (Celestolide, Galaxolide, Galaxolidone, Phantolide and Tonalide) varied from 1.7 to 80 ng L −1 for water and from 0.1 ng g −1 to 210 ng g −1 for activated sludge considering laboratory contamination for each PMF. Recovery studies were performed on spiked water samples and, for sludges, on procedural blanks, showing recoveries above 70% for all the considered compounds, while recovery of the internal standard was always above limit of acceptance (30%). Proposed methods were used to determine PMFs concentrations in wastewaters and activated sludges of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Northern Italy. Concentrations in the range of μg L −1 of Galaxolide and of its metabolite Galaxolidone were detected even in the WWTP effluent. Biotransformation of Galaxolide into Galaxolidone occurred during biological treatment with the consequent release of this compound through WWTP effluents. In activated sludges, concentrations of all PMFs except Galaxolidone were one order of magnitude higher than wastewaters, as expected according to their physicochemical properties. Present wastewater treatment technologies were confirmed to not be efficient in removing PMFs from influent wastewaters since with only ≃ 30% of Celestolide and Tonalide were removed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and activated sludge: analytical protocol and application to a real case study

Tasselli

Guzzella

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The assessment of environmental and human risk of ECC in UAE is not well-established. Low concentration of pharmaceuticals (ng/L-µg/L) are considered as environmental contaminants, and their incomplete removal from wastewater by the treatment system represents a trigger for environmental and health risks [17,18]. Thus, there is a local uncertainty over the risk of human exposure and environmental contamination from ECC in wastewater reuse as well as the efficiency of existing wastewater treatment technologies for ECC removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant

et al. 2019

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The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.

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“…Constructed wetlands (CW) are consolidated systems, which have gained popularity in decentralized wastewater treatment of small communities and rural areas from industrialized and developing countries (Álvarez et al, 2017;Guittonny-Philippe et al, 2014). In the recent decades, strategies for this technology have rapidly evolved for improving the removal of various contaminants, including organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, emerging contaminants and pathogenic organisms, by implementing a diverse range of wetland configurations (Ávila and García, 2015;Nivala et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of partially saturated conditions on the metabolically active microbiome and on nitrogen removal in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands

et al. 2018

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Nitrogen dynamics and its association to metabolically active microbial populations were assessed in two vertical subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetlands treating urban wastewater. These VF wetlands were operated in parallel with unsaturated (UVF) and partially saturated (SVF) configurations. The SVF wetland exhibited almost 2-fold higher total nitrogen removal rate (5 g TN m d) in relation to the UVF wetland (3 g TN m d), as well as a low NO-N accumulation (1 mg L vs. 26 mg L in SVF and UVF wetland effluents, respectively). After 6 months of operation, ammonia oxidizing prokaryotes (AOP) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) displayed an important role in both wetlands. Oxygen availability and ammonia limiting conditions promoted shifts on the metabolically active nitrifying community within 'nitrification aggregates' of wetland biofilms. Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and Nitrospira spp. overcame ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the oxic layers of both wetlands. Microbial quantitative and diversity assessments revealed a positive correlation between Nitrobacter and AOA, whereas Nitrospira resulted negatively correlated with Nitrobacter and AOB populations. The denitrifying gene expression was enhanced mainly in the bottom layer of the SVF wetland, in concomitance with the depletion of NO-N from wastewater. Functional gene expression of nitrifying and denitrifying populations combined with the active microbiome diversity brought new insights on the microbial nitrogen-cycling occurring within VF wetland biofilms under different operational conditions.

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Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in the Environment and Their Removal from Wastewater through Constructed Wetlands

Cited by 43 publications

References 178 publications

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and activated sludge: analytical protocol and application to a real case study

Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and activated sludge: analytical protocol and application to a real case study

Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant

Effects of partially saturated conditions on the metabolically active microbiome and on nitrogen removal in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands

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