Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review

Edris, Amr E.

doi:10.1002/ptr.2072

Cited by 1,086 publications

(763 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Aromatherapy is a form of complementary or alternative medicine that uses essential oils and other scented plant compounds for therapeutic purposes, affecting a person's mood or health (Kiecolt-Glaser et al, 2008). Thus, essential oils as a rich source of flavor molecules are used widely to prevent and treat human diseases (Edris, 2007). The sesquiterpene artemisinin, derived from Artemisia annua, has attracted special attention due to its anti-malarial activity (Kindermans et al, 2007).…”

Section: Possible Uses Of Flavor Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant‐derived flavor compounds

Schwab¹,

Davidovich‐Rikanati²,

Lewinsohn³

2008

The Plant Journal

944

704

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SummaryPlants have the capacity to synthesize, accumulate and emit volatiles that may act as aroma and flavor molecules due to interactions with human receptors. These low-molecular-weight substances derived from the fatty acid, amino acid and carbohydrate pools constitute a heterogenous group of molecules with saturated and unsaturated, straight-chain, branched-chain and cyclic structures bearing various functional groups (e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters and ethers) and also nitrogen and sulfur. They are commercially important for the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical industries as flavorants, drugs, pesticides and industrial feedstocks. Due to the low abundance of the volatiles in their plant sources, many of the natural products had been replaced by their synthetic analogues by the end of the last century. However, the foreseeable shortage of the crude oil that is the source for many of the artifical flavors and fragrances has prompted recent interest in understanding the formation of these compounds and engineering their biosynthesis. Although many of the volatile constituents of flavors and aromas have been identified, many of the enzymes and genes involved in their biosynthesis are still not known. However, modification of flavor by genetic engineering is dependent on the knowledge and availability of genes that encode enzymes of key reactions that influence or divert the biosynthetic pathways of plant-derived volatiles. Major progress has resulted from the use of molecular and biochemical techniques, and a large number of genes encoding enzymes of volatile biosynthesis have recently been reported.

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Section: Possible Uses Of Flavor Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant‐derived flavor compounds

Schwab¹,

Davidovich‐Rikanati²,

Lewinsohn³

2008

The Plant Journal

944

704

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These volatile substances are commonly found in aromatic plants and their therapeutic potentials have been lately evaluated (Kris-Etherton et al, 2002;Edris, 2007;Paduch et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…properties of essential oils in the cardiovascular system as antithrombotic, antiplatelet, endothelial protective, vasorelaxant and hypotensive activities (Lahlou et al, 2005;Edris, 2007). Recent reports have showed that cardiovascular effects of essential oils also occur in humans as improvement in coronary flow (Shiina et al, 2008) and hypotensive and bradycardic effects (Dayawansa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and cardiovascular effects induced by the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf, Poaceae, in rats

Moreira¹,

Bastos²,

Blank³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO: "Composição química e efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf, Poaceae, em ratos". C. citratus é utilizada na medicina popular para tratar hipertensão. Este trabalho investigou a composição química e os efeitos cardiovasculares do óleo essencial do C. citratus (OECC). Foram identificados oito constituintes no OECC, sendo geranial o majoritário (43,08%). Em ratos, o OECC (1, 5, 10 e 20 mg/kg, i.v.) induziu hipotensão e bradicardia que foram atenuadas pela atropina e tiopental sódico, mas não por L-NAME ou indometacina. Em anéis de artéria mesentérica de ratos pré-contraídos com fenilefrina, o OECC (1 a 3000 µg/mL) induziu relaxamento que não foi afetado após remoção do endotélio, após TEA ou em anéis pré-contraídos com KCl (80 mM). Além disso, o OECC (1000 µg/mL) não induziu efeito adicional sobre o relaxamento máximo da nifedipina (10 µM). Em conclusão, o OECC induz hipotensão possivelmente devido à redução da resistência vascular que pode ser causada por inibição do influxo de Ca 2+ , e bradicardia provavelmente devido à ativação de receptores muscarínicos cardíacos.Unitermos: Cymbopogon citratus, óleo essencial, efeitos cardiovasculares, ratos. ABSTRACT:Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf, Poaceae, is used in the folk medicine for hypertension treatment. This work investigated the chemical composition and cardiovascular effects in rats of C. citratus essential oil (EOCC). A phytochemical screening demonstrated the presence of eight constituents, being geranial the major compound (43.08%). In rats, EOCC (1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.v.) induced transient hypotension and bradycardia that were attenuated by atropine and sodium thiopental, but not by L-NAME or indomethacin. In rings of rat superior mesenteric artery pre-contracted with phenylephrine, EOCC (1 to 3000 µg/mL) induced relaxation that was not affected after removal of the endothelium, after TEA or in rings pre-contracted with KCl (80 mM). Furthermore, EOCC (1000 µg/mL) was not able to induce additional effect on maximal relaxation of nifedipine (10 µM). In conclusions, EOCC induces hypotension, possibly by reduction in vascular resistance caused by inhibition of the Ca 2+ influx, and bradycardia probably due to an activation of cardiac muscarinic receptors.

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“…7) Some essential oil components reportedly have anti-inflammatory activity. 8) The advantage of these components in antiinflammatory therapy is their low or negligible toxicity. Therefore, such components are useful in the long-term chemoprevention and chemotherapy of inflammation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata) Essential Oil Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells

Maeda

Yamazaki

Katagata

2013

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata) essential oil (KEO) has long been used in Japan as a traditional medicine. It contains linalool (C 10 H 18 O), a naturally occurring small terpenoid. For this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory effect of KEO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Mouse macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS. Then they were treated with 25 or 50 g/mL of KEO for 24 h. KEO suppressed LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as that of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and protein levels were suppressed by treatment with KEO cells. In addition, by treatment with 25 or 50 g/mL of linalool showed the same anti-inflammatory effect. The results suggest that KEO and linalool can be regarded as a natural resource for use in anti-inflammatory therapeutic products.

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Pharmaceutical and therapeutic Potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review

Cited by 1,086 publications

References 232 publications

Biosynthesis of plant‐derived flavor compounds

Biosynthesis of plant‐derived flavor compounds

Chemical composition and cardiovascular effects induced by the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf, Poaceae, in rats

Kuromoji (Lindera umbellata) Essential Oil Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells

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