PhantomLegs: Reducing Virtual Reality Sickness Using Head-Worn Haptic Devices

Liu, Shihong; Yu, Neng-Hao; Chan, Liwei; Peng, Yi-Hao; Sun, Wei‐Zen; Chen, Mike Y.

doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8798158

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For SSQ scores, we created Delta SSQ scores for Nausea, Oculomotor, Disorientation, and Total scores by subtracting participants' results from the first (pre-VR experience) administration of the questionnaire from the results from the second (post-experience) administration, clamping the results to zero if the difference was negative. This process follows the guidance provided by Liu et al and Peng et al [32,37].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Head Bobbing. Insertion of artificial head bobbing has been suggested as an effective means of mitigating cybersickness caused when a user navigates through a virtual world [32], and in our laboratory we usually include it. Head bobbing, a natural cue occurring during human gait, adds realism.…”

Section: The Virtual Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the SSQ, the 16 symptoms are categorized into three groups: Nausea, Oculomotor, and Disorientation. We collected SSQ data before and after the virtual driving experience [32,37]. This allowed us to use the change in SSQ (Delta-SSQ) scores for each participant as our statistical variable, reducing the effect of individual differences in the participant population.…”

Section: Subjective Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several cybersickness mitigation techniques have been proposed including manipulating field of view (FOV) and generating tactile feedback around the user's head [4,16,32,37,57]. Though these methods have been found to reduce cybersickness significantly, they can introduce other problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floor-vibration VR: Mitigating Cybersickness Using Whole-body Tactile Stimuli in Highly Realistic Vehicle Driving Experiences

Jung

McKee

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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This work addresses cybersickness, a major barrier to successful long-exposure immersive virtual reality (VR) experiences since user discomfort frequently leads to prematurely ending such experiences. Starting from sensory conflict theory, we posit that if a vibrating floor delivers vestibular stimuli that minimally match the vibration characteristics of a scenario, the size of the conflict between the visual and vestibular senses will be reduced and, thus, the incidence and/or severity of cybersickness will also be reduced. We integrated a custom-built, computer-controlled vibrating floor in our VR system. To evaluate the system, we implemented a realistic off-road vehicle driving simulator in which participants rode multiple laps as passengers on an off-road course. We programmed the floor to generate vertical vibrations similar to those experienced in real off-road vehicle travel. The scenario and driving conditions were designed to be cybersickness-inducing for users in both the Vibration and No-vibration conditions. We collected subjective and objective data for variables previously shown to be related to levels of cybersickness or presence. These included presence and simulator sickness questionnaires (SSQ), self-rated discomfort levels, and the physiological signals of heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), and pupil size. Comparing data between participants in the Vibration group (N=11) to the No-Vibration group (N=11), we found that Delta-SSQ Oculomotor response and the GSR physiological signal, both known to be positively correlated with cybersickness, were significantly lower (with large effect sizes) for the Vibration group. Other variables differed between groups in the same direction, but with trivial or small effect sizes. The results indicate that the floor vibration significantly reduced some measures of cybersickness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Virtual Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjective Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Floor-vibration VR: Mitigating Cybersickness Using Whole-body Tactile Stimuli in Highly Realistic Vehicle Driving Experiences

Jung

McKee

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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“…More advanced and intricate techniques, such as galvanic vestibular stimulation, require extra hardware and might not be usable by all users (e.g., users wearing pacemakers cannot use them) [34], [35]. Other techniques that seem to yield promising results are the ones that use vibration to stimulate the sense of movement, such as bone-inducted vibration [36] or producing small strikes on the region behind the ears [37]. Nevertheless, these techniques are still in their early stages, needing further development and evaluation to assess their real effectiveness, suitability, and long-term effects.…”

Section: Simulator Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Depth Exploration of the Effect of 2D/3D Views and Controller Types on First Person Shooter Games in Virtual Reality

Monteiro

Liang

Wang

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

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The amount of interest in Virtual Reality (VR) research has significantly increased over the past few years, both in academia and industry. The release of commercial VR Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) has been a major contributing factor. However, there is still much to be learned, especially how views and input techniques, as well as their interaction, affect the VR experience. There is little work done on First-Person Shooter (FPS) games in VR, and those few studies have focused on a single aspect of VR FPS. They either focused on the view, e.g., comparing VR to a typical 2D display or on the controller types. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies investigating variations of 2D/3D views in HMDs, controller types, and their interactions. As such, it is challenging to distinguish findings related to the controller type from those related to the view. If a study does not control for the input method and finds that 2D displays lead to higher performance than VR, we cannot generalize the results because of the confounding variables. To understand their interaction, we propose to analyze in more depth, whether it is the view (2D vs. 3D) or the way it is controlled that gives the platforms their respective advantages. To study the effects of the 2D/3D views, we created a 2D visual technique, PlaneFrame, that was applied inside the VR headset. Our results show that the controller type can have a significant positive impact on performance, immersion, and simulator sickness when associated with a 2D view. They further our understanding of the interactions that controllers and views have and demonstrate that comparisons are highly dependent on how both factors go together. Further, through a series of three experiments, we developed a technique that can lead to a substantial performance, a good level of immersion, and can minimize the level of simulator sickness.

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