Phantom Eye Syndrome: A Review of the Literature

Andreotti, Agda Marobo; Goiato, Marcelo Coelho; Pellizzer, Eduardo Piza; Pesqueira, Aldiéris Alves; Guiotti, Aimée Maria; Gennari-Filho, Humberto

doi:10.1155/2014/686493

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Understandingly, the literature on phantom sensations focused on limbs, but phantom sensations from internal organs have also been occasionally reported ( Roldan and Lesnick, 2014 ). These organs include the eyes ( Andreotti et al, 2014 ), rectum ( Ovesen et al, 1991 ), kidney ( Roldan and Lesnick, 2014 ), pelvic organs ( Dorpat, 1971 ), and breast ( Di Noto et al, 2013 ; Bjorkman et al, 2017 ). Of note, Dorpat (1971) already discussed the case of what is called “phantom stomach sensations” but without mentioning satiation itself.…”

Section: The Phantom Satiation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phantom Satiation Hypothesis of Bariatric Surgery

Gautron

2021

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The excitation of vagal mechanoreceptors located in the stomach wall directly contributes to satiation. Thus, a loss of gastric innervation would normally be expected to result in abrogated satiation, hyperphagia, and unwanted weight gain. While Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) inevitably results in gastric denervation, paradoxically, bypassed subjects continue to experience satiation. Inspired by the literature in neurology on phantom limbs, I propose a new hypothesis in which damage to the stomach innervation during RYGB, including its vagal supply, leads to large-scale maladaptive changes in viscerosensory nerves and connected brain circuits. As a result, satiation may continue to arise, sometimes at exaggerated levels, even in subjects with a denervated or truncated stomach. The same maladaptive changes may also contribute to dysautonomia, unexplained pain, and new emotional responses to eating. I further revisit the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery, with an emphasis on RYGB, in the light of this phantom satiation hypothesis.

show abstract

Section: The Phantom Satiation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Phantom Satiation Hypothesis of Bariatric Surgery

Gautron

2021

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Phantom limb pain (PLP) is defined as a painful sensation referring to the missing limb, but is also described after loss of an eye, breast, or tooth. 6 , 10 , 24 , 28 , 122 , 123 , 138 The prevalence can be estimated right up to 80% of all patients after limb amputation, depending on study design and study population. 107 …”

Section: Phantom Limb Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical updates on phantom limb pain

Erlenwein

Diers

Ernst

et al. 2021

PR9

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Most patients with amputation (up to 80%) suffer from phantom limb pain postsurgery. These are often multimorbid patients who also have multiple risk factors for the development of chronic pain from a pain medicine perspective. Surgical removal of the body part and sectioning of peripheral nerves result in a lack of afferent feedback, followed by neuroplastic changes in the sensorimotor cortex. The experience of severe pain, peripheral, spinal, and cortical sensitization mechanisms, and changes in the body scheme contribute to chronic phantom limb pain. Psychosocial factors may also affect the course and the severity of the pain. Modern amputation medicine is an interdisciplinary responsibility. Methods: This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary overview of recent evidence-based and clinical knowledge. Results: The scientific evidence for best practice is weak and contrasted by various clinical reports describing the polypragmatic use of drugs and interventional techniques. Approaches to restore the body scheme and integration of sensorimotor input are of importance. Modern techniques, including apps and virtual reality, offer an exciting supplement to already established approaches based on mirror therapy. Targeted prosthesis care helps to obtain or restore limb function and at the same time plays an important role reshaping the body scheme. Discussion: Consequent prevention and treatment of severe postoperative pain and early integration of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions are required to reduce severe phantom limb pain. To obtain or restore body function, foresighted surgical planning and technique as well as an appropriate interdisciplinary management is needed.

show abstract

“…Many psychological factors play an important role in the maintenance of pain; most patients experience intermittent attacks of pain that last seconds or hours, with intervals ranging from days to weeks. 112 If the cause of pain fails to be identified and an implant is present, it should be removed and a DFG can be suggested. 107 …”

Section: Chronic Anophthalmic Socket Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies

Quaranta‐Leoni¹,

Fiorino²,

Quaranta‐Leoni³

et al. 2021

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anophthalmic socket syndrome determines functional deficits and facial deformities, and may lead to poor psychological outcomes. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the features of the syndrome, based on literature review and authors’ clinical and surgical experience. An electronic database (PubMed,MEDLINE and Google Scholar) search of all articles written in English and non-English language with abstract translated to English on anophthalmic socket syndrome was performed. Data reviewed included demographics, presentations, investigations, management, complications and outcomes. Different types of orbital implants were evaluated; the management of implant exposure was examined; different orbital volume enhancement procedures such as secondary implantation, subperiosteal implants and the use of fillers in anophthalmic patients were described; the problems related to socket contraction were outlined; the treatment options for chronic anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome were assessed; the most recent advances in the management of congenital anophthalmia were described. Current clinical evidence does not support a specific orbital implant; late exposure of porous implants may be due to pegging, which currently is seldom used; filler absorption in the orbit appears to be faster than in the dermis, and repeated treatments could be a potential source of inflammation; socket contraction results in significant functional and psychological disability, and management is challenging. Patients affected by anophthalmic socket pain and phantom eye syndrome need specific counseling. It is auspicable to use a standardized protocol to treat children affected by clinical congenital anophthalmia; dermis fat graft is a suitable option in these patients as it helps continued socket expansion. Dermis fat graft can also address the volume deficit in case of explantation of exposed implants and in contracted sockets in both children and adults. Appropriate clinical care is essential, as adequate prosthesis wearing improves the quality of life of anophthalmic patients.

show abstract

Phantom Eye Syndrome: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

The Phantom Satiation Hypothesis of Bariatric Surgery

The Phantom Satiation Hypothesis of Bariatric Surgery

Clinical updates on phantom limb pain

Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Prevalence, Impact and Management Strategies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About