Phagocytic uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages of microspheres coated with phosphocholine or polyethylene glycol phosphate-derived perfluoroalkylated surfactants

In vitro assessments of nanomaterial toxicity

“…Similarly, particle overload in the lung has been implicated in ROS production. In culture, human blood-derived monocytes release ROS, consistent with in vivo monocyte infiltration and subsequent inflammation in the lung as a result of particle overloading [104, 105]. Furthermore , in vitro culture of alveolar macrophages with oil fly ash (OFA), TiO 2 , and SiO 2 shows strong induction of ROS production along with high cytotoxicity, suggesting a direct correlation between ROS production and cytotoxicity [91].…”

Selected physicochemical aspects of poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances relevant to performance, environment and sustainability—Part one

“…functions provide the opportunity for having two hydrophobic F-chains on a same hydrophilic head group. Nonionic phosphates are represented by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) esters C n F 2n+1 OP(O)(O(CH 2 CH 2 O) p OH) 2 (Privitera et al, 1995b;Sadtler et al, 1998b) or dimorpholinophosphate (C n-F 2n+1 O) 2 P(O)N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O (Privitera et al, 1995b;Sadtler et al, 1998b). Nonionic surfactants with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrophilic chain (e.g., ACH 2 CH 2 (CH 2 CH 2 O) n H), a sugar function (e.g.…”

Opsonization of polyethylene wear particles regulates macrophage and osteoblast responses in vitro

“…Phagocytosis will occur in the absence of protein, but opsonins and aspecific protein adsorption lower the energy required for internalization. Privitera et al36 showed that phagocytosis is dependent on the density of protein adhesion. This mechanism is exploited in the use of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) in attenuating ingestion 37…”