Phagocytic Activity of Ethyl Alcohol Fraction of Deer Antler in Murine Peritoneal Macrophage.

Anti-bone resorption activity of deer antler aqua-acupunture, the pilose antler of Cervus korean TEMMINCK var. mantchuricus Swinhoe (Nokyong) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

“…However, the mechanisms by which the DAA modifies the clinical status of RA are not well understood. It was reported that the bioactivity of the deer antler may act as an immune enhancer Suh et al, 1999). By using biochemical and chemical methods, several compounds were identified from deer antler extract that is responsible for the suppression of hyphal transition as 2-lysophosphatidylcholine, and this suppression may be mediated through the MAP kinase pathway (Min et al, 2001).…”

Protective and anti-arthritic effects of deer antler aqua-acupuncture (DAA), inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, on phosphate ions-mediated chondrocyte apoptosis and rat collagen-induced arthritis

“…However, the mechanisms by which the DAA modifies the clinical status of RA are not well understood. It was reported that the bioactivity of the deer antler may act as an immune enhancer [23,24]. Antifungal activity, and the suppressing activity of the hyphal transition from yeast in C. albicans, were found from deer antler extract [25].…”

Immunomodulatory effects of a 3.2kDa polypeptide from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck

“…In addition to these, VA extract can also boost the immune system in a general way [8]. VA extract has markedly anti-infective effects on staphylococcus aureus-infected mice [9], and demonstrates significant enhancement of immune function of lymph, spleen, and bone marrow [10], as well as enhancement of phagocytes and immunoglobulin levels in mice [11]. Although these activities of VA extract had been observed in a series of animal experiments, it is uncertain about which single component of interest in VA had played a leading role in these effects.…”