Phage Biotechnology to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture

Premaratne, Aruni; Zhang, Hui; Wang, Ran; Chinivasagam, N.; Billington, Craig

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58259-3_9

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Current and potential on-farm interventions to reduce Campylobacter numbers have been well reviewed and include anti- Campylobacter compounds (bacteriocins), probiotics, vaccines and bacteriophages [94] – [96] . Campylobacter bacteriophages can exist along with Campylobacter and be a part of the normal microbiota of poultry [51] , including in environmentally exposed birds (e.g., free-range) [97] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on Campylobacter levels, species diversity, Campylobacter community profiles and Campylobacter bacteriophages

Chinivasagam,

Estella,

Finn

et al. 2024

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> A multi-stage option to address food-safety can be produced by a clearer understanding of <italic>Campylobacter</italic>'s persistence through the broiler production chain, its environmental niche and its interaction with bacteriophages. This study addressed <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, species, genotype, bacteriophage composition/ levels in caeca, litter, soil and carcasses across commercial broiler farming practices to inform on-farm management, including interventions. Broilers were sequentially collected as per company slaughter schedules over two-years from 17 farms, which represented four commercially adopted farming practices, prior to the final bird removal (days 39–53). The practices were conventional full clean-out, conventional litter re-use, free-range–full cleanout and free-range–litter re-use. Caeca, litter and soil collected on-farm, and representative carcases collected at the processing plant, were tested for <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, species dominance and <italic>Campylobacter</italic> bacteriophages. General community profiling via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the <italic>flaA</italic> gene was used to establish the population relationships between various farming practices on representative <italic>Campylobacter</italic> isolates. The farming practice choices did not influence the high caeca <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels (log 7.5 to log 8.5 CFU/g), the carcass levels (log 2.5 to log 3.2 CFU/carcass), the <italic>C. jejuni</italic>/<italic>C. coli</italic> dominance and the on-farm bacteriophage presence/levels. A principal coordinate analysis of the <italic>flaA</italic> distribution for farm and litter practices showed strong separation but no obvious farming practice related grouping of <italic>Campylobacter</italic>. Bacteriophages originated from select farms, were not practice-dependent, and were detected in the environment (litter) only if present in the birds (caeca). This multifaceted study showed no influence of farming practices on on-farm <italic>Campylobacter</italic> dynamics. The significance of this study means that a unified on-farm risk-management could be adopted irrespective of commercial practice choices to collectively address caeca <italic>Campylobacter</italic> levels, as well as the potential to include <italic>Campylobacter</italic> bacteriophage biocontrol. The impact of this study means that there are no constraints in re-using bedding or adopting free-range farming, thus contributing to environmentally sustainable (re-use) and emerging (free-range) broiler farming choices. </abstract>

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on Campylobacter levels, species diversity, Campylobacter community profiles and Campylobacter bacteriophages

Chinivasagam,

Estella,

Finn

et al. 2024

AIMSMICRO

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“…In developed nations, the use of therapeutic antibiotics is only allowed for situations in which no other kind of care has proven effective. Veterinarians examine the birds both before and after giving them antibiotics [62].…”

Section: Antibiotics' Effects On Human Health That In Chicken Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Poultry Chicken and Human Health Threat: A Mini Review

Hoque,

Roshed,

Md Asaduzzaman

2023

Middle East Res J Humanities Soc Sci

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It has been shown that the most hazardous heavy metals that are constantly emitted into the environment are arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). These metals can be found in both naturally occurring and artificially produced fertilizers, industrial processes, and waste disposal. Due to ongoing exposure to heavy metals, bioaccumulation of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg takes place in a variety of organs in chickens, primarily the kidneys, liver, reproductive organs, and lungs. Chemical, biological, or physical risks can be connected to animal feed. Poultry feed contamination can come from negligent or intentional handling, storage, and transportation practices. Because of the increased concentration of these heavy metals in these tissues—primarily the brain, liver, kidneys, and reproductive organs—chronic exposure to low doses of As, Pb, Cd, and Hg can alter the microscopic structure of these tissues. This puts human health at risk when consuming chicken or poultry. Risks to food safety should be carefully considered in order to reduce unfavorable side effects in both people and animals. Governments should therefore implement stringent measures to prevent any harmful contamination that could endanger public health. This review presents a discussion of bioaccumulation of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg in poultry with the associated problem of consumption of poultry and human health.

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“…This approach could also be used in animal facilities, particularly for chicks or the newborn/farrowing environment from which the first microbiota is largely derived (Ceccarelli et al., 2017). It may also be possible to use predatory bacteria, such as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus , and/or phage to reduce ARB (Herencias et al., 2020; Hobley et al., 2020; Lewis and Hill, 2020; Premaratne et al., 2021). oCRISPR‐Cas technology could have the potential to inactivate ARGs in bacterial cells.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

100

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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Phage Biotechnology to Mitigate Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture

Cited by 6 publications

References 127 publications

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on <i>Campylobacter</i> levels, species diversity, <i>Campylobacter</i> community profiles and <i>Campylobacter</i> bacteriophages

Broiler farming practices using new or re-used bedding, inclusive of free-range, have no impact on <i>Campylobacter</i> levels, species diversity, <i>Campylobacter</i> community profiles and <i>Campylobacter</i> bacteriophages

Heavy Metals in Poultry Chicken and Human Health Threat: A Mini Review

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

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