pH response of platinum and vitreous carbon electrodes modified by electropolymerized films

Cheek, Graham T.; Wales, Charles P.; Nowak, Robert J.

doi:10.1021/ac00253a047

Cited by 95 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The IR spectral data of o-, m-, and p-TMS-phenols A typical voltammogram recorded in MeOH containing 0.1 mM o-TMS-phenol and 0.1M NaClO 4 and of the films formed from their electro-oxida- Figure 2(A) depicts the effect of the monomer the disappearance of the characteristic stretching concentration on the kinetics of polymerization. vibration of the free O{H group at 3,252-3,316…”

Section: Ir Spectral Analysis Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts have been made, by different groups of workers, to increase the conductivity of PPO through structural changes in the monomers. 8 Substituents such as halo, 7 EXPERIMENTAL methyl, 9 allyl, 10 2,6-dimethyl, 11 carboxylic, 12 and ester 10 groups do not increase the conductivity of A monomer-supporting electrolyte (NaClO 4 ) and PPO to any significant extent. Even though solvent (MeOH) were purified by standard procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electropolymerization of trimethylsilylphenols to silylated polyphenylene oxides and investigation of their properties. Enhanced conductivity of PPO by silyl group

Ahmed

Arapapavinasam

Nagendrappa

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Polymerization of o-, m-, and p-trimethylsilylphenols (TMS-phenols) was achieved electrochemically. The polymers were prepared as thin films on a platinum electrode and were found to be electroinactive in nonaqueous solutions. The polymers exhibited far higher conductivities than polyphenol or other substituted polyphenols. The conductivity of poly( p-TMS-phenol) was lower than that observed for the polymers of the o-and m-isomers. The polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The effect of monomer concentration, supporting electrolyte concentration, current densities, and temperature on the poymerization was investigated using microgravimetry. The observed empirical kinetics were as follows. The rates of polymerization of o-, m-, and p-TMS-phenol were found to be of 0.8, 0.8, and 0.7 order dependent on monomer concentation, of 0.5, 0.5 and 0.45 order dependent on electrolyte concentration, and of 0.9, 0.9 and 0.8 order dependent on current densities. By investigating the effect of temperature on electropolymerization, the corresponding activation energies of electropolymerization were calculated to be 0.9, 0.9, and 0.8 kJ/mole. The molecular weights of poly(o-TMS-phenol) and poly(m-TMS-phenol) were determined by gel permeation chromotography.

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Section: Ir Spectral Analysis Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electropolymerization of trimethylsilylphenols to silylated polyphenylene oxides and investigation of their properties. Enhanced conductivity of PPO by silyl group

Ahmed

Arapapavinasam

Nagendrappa

1997

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…By using different electropolymerizing conditions, including monomer concentration, solvent conductivity, pH value, scanning-potential range, and applied scanning cycle, dif-ferent characteristics and functions of the conducting films can be obtained [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Differences in electropolymerized polymer film include thickness, surface roughness, pH response [4,5], electron-transfer kinetics [3,7], protection against metal corrosion [6], permselectivity for a dissolved species [2], and electrochromic properties [8]. Furthermore, the sensing efficiency of the sensor is related to the thickness of the electropolymerized polymer film.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Chang

2004

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A novel method to measure ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PPD) film electropolymerized on gold electrode in liquid was developed.It is based on the force versus distance curve (force curve) of atomic force microscopy (AFM). When 1-0.25 m/s was chosen as the rising rate of the scanner, and 50% of the confidence interval (CI) as the qualifying threshold value, the thickness of the hydrated polymer film could be calculated. This result was compared with one obtained from an AFM image. A step-like electrode fabricated by a photolithographic process was used. The height difference of the electrode before and after the PPD coating was imaged in liquid, and then the real thickness, 19.6 ± 5.2 nm, was obtained. The sample was also measured by estimating the transition range of the force curve of hydrated PPD film, and the thickness of the hydrated PPD film was determined to be 19.3 ± 8.2 nm. However, the results calculated by integrating the electropolymerized charge for the oxidation process of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) was only one-third as large as it was when using the two previously described methods. This indicated that the structure of hydrated PPD film might have been swollen.

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“…The formation of the biolayer may be performed under hydrodynamic conditions, in situ, in the thin-layer amperometric cell, so that the immobilization procedure takes only few minutes, consumes few enzyme and no extra equipment and treatment is required. However, the polyphenol ®lm is pH sensitive [12] and pH uctuations should be minimized by the use of a suitable buffer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an On-Line Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Determination in Rat Brain Using Microdialysis Sampling

2000

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A biosensor for on‐line monitoring of glucose in brain dialysates was developed. The biosensor was generated in the cross‐flow amperometric cell by potentiostatic electropolymerization of phenol (50 mM) in the presence of glucose oxidase (935 U/mL) at +600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) at a flow‐rate of 5 µL/min at the Pt electrode. The polyphenol film ensured low interferences of ascorbate. The on‐line set‐up was mathematically described and the model was used to calculate the extracellular concentration of glucose in the striatum of an anesthetized rat. The concentration of glucose was found to be 1.4±0.5 mM and 0.9±0.2 mM in two independent experiments.

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pH response of platinum and vitreous carbon electrodes modified by electropolymerized films

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

Electropolymerization of trimethylsilylphenols to silylated polyphenylene oxides and investigation of their properties. Enhanced conductivity of PPO by silyl group

Electropolymerization of trimethylsilylphenols to silylated polyphenylene oxides and investigation of their properties. Enhanced conductivity of PPO by silyl group

Estimating the thickness of hydrated ultrathin poly(o-phenylenediamine) film by atomic force microscopy

Development of an On-Line Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Determination in Rat Brain Using Microdialysis Sampling

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