“…However, the majority of systematicists in the Western and Eastern Palearctic regions distinguish 8 genera: Adelges, Cholodkovskya, Sacchiphantes, Dreyfusia, Aphrastasia, Gilletteella, Pineus, and Eopineus. This system is based on details of the morphology of first instar larvae (Börner, 1908(Börner, , 1930(Börner, , 1952Inouye, 1945;Börner & Heinze, 1957;Bodenheimer & Swirski, 1957;Steffan, 1961Steffan, , 1968Steffan, , 1972Heinze, 1962;Shaposhnikov, 1964;Dmitriev, 1965;Szelegiewicz, 1968;Pashchenko, 1988;Binazzi & Covassi, 1991), alatae forms (Binazzi, 2000) as well as bionomical characteristics and morphology of the galls (Cholodkovsky, 1896;Pašek, 1954;Börner & Heinze, 1957;Shaposhnikov, 1964;Lampel, 1968;Steffan, 1972). Steffan (1968) introduced the use of chromosome numbers and appearance of endosymbionts, and suggested a modification of the subfamily grouping.…”