Petroleum crude oil analysis using low‐temperature plasma mass spectrometry

Abstract

LTP ionization of crude oils was found to advantageously complement analysis by electrospray ionization. The LTP probe in combination with miniaturized mass spectrometers has the potential to provide direct composition analysis and source identification of crude oil contaminations in the future.

Analysis of ketone‐based neurosteroids by reactive low‐temperature plasma mass spectrometry

“…To determine the temperature of the plasma gas, a digital thermometer (METEX M‐3640D, Metex Corp., Seoul, South Korea) was placed 5 mm in front of the LTP glass capillary. Operating the LTP ion source with the parameters as described above resulted in a plasma temperature of 30°C, consistent with previously reported temperatures . The reaction additive, MA, was injected into the gas system of the LTP ion source at 500 ppbv via an injection pump (Chemyx Inc., USA).…”

“…Operating the LTP ion source with the parameters as described above resulted in a plasma temperature of 30°C, consistent with previously reported temperatures. 34,39 The reaction additive, MA, was injected into the gas system of the LTP ion source at 500 ppbv via an injection pump (Chemyx Inc., USA). The LTP source was mounted coaxially with the MS inlet capillary.…”

“…34,36 An additional benefit of dielectric barrier discharge-based ion sources is that they increase the internal energy of analytes during ionization to a lesser extent than DART and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. 37,38 LTP has been widely applied to the analysis of petroleum, 39 explosives, 40 agrochemicals, 41 fatty acid esters 42 and drugs. 43 In some cases, employing amine substances as reactants in LTP-MS has helped to improve the ionization efficiency of analytes containing carbonyl groups.…”

A comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometry approach for characterization of metabolites by combination of ambient ionization, chromatography and imaging methods

“…Application fields for these methods are as numerous and diverse as the methods themselves. Ambient ionization methods have been used for the rapid analysis of agrochemicals, explosives, drug compounds, crude oil, tissue, and in clinical applications …”

Laser desorption ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry and CARSPLS for predicting basic nitrogen and aromatics contents in crude oils

“…High-resolution MS data have shown that it is possible to discriminate among different compounds [27,28] because of the different ionization efficiencies of the constituents of crude oil [29]. Accurate mass measurements [26,30] allow for unambiguous elemental composition (C c H h N n O o S s ) and DBE (double bond equivalent) assignments, thereby facilitating classification by the heteroatom content and degree of aromaticity [31][32][33]. Basic nitrogen and aromatic compounds can be analyzed by positive LDI (LDI(+)), which are detected as the produced radicals [M] +Å and protonated cations [M + H] + [8].…”