Petrography and geochemistry of Eocene sandstones from eastern Pontides (NE TURKEY): Implications for source area weathering, provenance and tectonic setting

Eker, Çiğdem Saydam

doi:10.1134/s001670291206002x

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the studied region, volcanic activity and sedimentation occur at various locations during the Eocene (Saydam Eker, 2012). This volcanic activity could be due to differences in the thermal maturity of the samples.…”

Section: Maturity Of Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Accordingly, the studied coal and shaly coal samples are similar to Sorgun coals in Ga, Hf, Nb, Sr, U, Mo, and La, as well as Ba, Ga, Hf, Nb, Sr, U, Mo, Sb, and La samples, respectively. REE and yttrium (Y) are not significantly affected by sedimentary processes (Taylor and McLennan, 1985;Bhatia and Crook, 1986;Wronkijewicz and Condie, 1987, 1989, 1990; Saydam Eker, 2012). REE and Y are used as geochemical indicators of the sedimentary environment and postsedimentary history of coal deposits (Hower et al, 1999;Seredin and Dai, 2012;Dai et al, 2015b).…”

Section: Torulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcaniclastic deposits are dominant in the northern section of Gümüşhane and siliciclastic deposits are dominant in the southern section (Kelkit, Köse). In Bayburt, deposition starting with basal conglomerate has volcaniclastic characteristics in the north of Varicna village and has siliciclastic characteristics in other sections (Saydam Eker, 2012. Eocene aged sedimentary rocks in the Gümüşhane region are composed of siliciclastic deposits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic geochemistry and element distribution in coals formed in Eocene lagoon facies from the Eastern Black Sea Region, NE Turkey

Eker¹,

Akpınar²,

Sipahi³

2016

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Introduction The total coal reserves of Turkey are estimated to be in the order of 13.4 billion tons of lignite and 0.4 billion tons of bituminous coal. Most of the lignite deposits are located in Tertiary basins, while Eocene lignite deposits are very limited. Eocene aged clastic rocks of the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) exhibit two different source characteristics. Volcaniclastic deposits are dominant in the northern section of Gümüşhane and siliciclastic deposits are dominant in the southern section (Kelkit, Köse). In Bayburt, deposition starting with basal conglomerate has volcaniclastic characteristics in the north of Varicna village and has siliciclastic characteristics in other sections (Saydam Eker, 2012, 2015). Eocene aged sedimentary rocks in the Gümüşhane region are composed of siliciclastic deposits. The rocks come over Cretaceous aged sedimentary rocks of this region with discordance. Eocene aged siliciclastic rocks lie with discordance over Late Cretaceous aged limestones in the Bayburt region (Saydam Eker, 2012). The investigated coal occurrences are found within Eocene siliciclastic deposits in the Gümüşhane and Bayburt regions. Prior to this publication, no record existed on the working details of the organic and inorganic geochemistry of the Eocene aged coals in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Gümüşhane and Bayburt fields). The aim of the present study was to determine organic matter contents and distributions of major, trace, and rare earth elements, and to interpret organic matter types and maturities, depositional environments, and hydrocarbon potentials of selected Eocene coals, shaly coals, and coaly shales in NE Turkey. 2. Geological background The eastern Pontides belt in the Black Sea Region of Turkey is part of the Alpine metallogenic belt that has been subdivided into northern, southern, and axial zones,

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Section: Maturity Of Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Torulmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic geochemistry and element distribution in coals formed in Eocene lagoon facies from the Eastern Black Sea Region, NE Turkey

Eker¹,

Akpınar²,

Sipahi³

2016

Turkish J Earth Sci

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“…A low CIW/CIA ratio is characteristic of immature crustal material from local sources. This material has experienced a short distance of transport until final deposition (Gao and Wedepohl, 1995;Eker, 2012). CIW/CIA values are low in the lake samples,…”

Section: Source Rock Weatheringmentioning

confidence: 96%

The mineralogical and geochemical composition of Holocene sediments from Lake Hazar, Elazığ, Eastern Turkey: implications for weathering, paleoclimate, redox conditions, provenance, and tectonic setting

Akkoca¹,

Eriş²,

Çağatay³

et al. 2019

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of samples collected from piston core HZ11-P01 at the western margin of Lake Hazar were studied to determine the provenance and weathering conditions on the source area together with tectonic setting of the source rocks, paleoclimate of the region, and paleo-redox conditions of the lake sediments. Nonclay minerals in the sediment core are represented by feldspar, quartz, dolomite, and calcite. The clay mineral assemblage consists of smectite/chlorite mixed-layer clay, chlorite, and illite. Most major, trace, and rare earth element contents of the lake samples are generally similar to those of the catchment area. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of the lake samples are characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements, a relatively flat heavy rare earth element pattern, and no Eu negative anomaly. The chemical index of alteration and index of compositional variability of the core sediment suggested that the intensity of weathering in the source area was low to moderate. The paleoclimatic indicator (C-values) showed that a paleoclimate changing from semiarid to semimoist prevailed during the last ~2 ka BP. Authigenic U and element ratios such as Th/U, Ni/Co, Cu/Zn, V/Cr, Eu/Eu*, and Ce/Ce* indicate that the lake sediments were deposited under oxic conditions. La/Sc, Co/Th, Cr/Th, Zr/Sc, and Th/Sc element ratios in the core sediments are consistent with values of sediments derived from mainly mafic and intermediate source rocks. According to discriminant-function diagrams, lake samples are plotted within the arc setting and arc-continent collision, which is in accordance with the geology of the study area.

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“…The geochemical composition of clastic rocks is widely used to understand the composition [1], [2] and evaluate weathering processes [3]- [5], and investigate the depositional setting and its associated provenance [6]- [13]. The compositions of sedimentary rocks depend on their source rocks, the geochemistry of sedimentary rocks and their provenance has been investigated by many workers [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. TiO2, La, Y, Sc, Cr, Th, Zr, Hf, Nb, and rare earth elements (REE) are very suitable for provenance studies [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First data on the geochemistry of fluvial deposits of Çaybağı and Palu formations (Eastern Elazığ, Turkey)

Akkoca¹,

Yıldırım²,

Ertürk³

2018

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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ÖzIn this study, the geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) of fluvial deposits of the Çaybağı and Palu Formations, Eastern Elazığ, have been investigated. The basement of the studied basin is composed of the Guleman Group, Elazığ Magmatics, Hazar-Maden Group, and Kırkgeçit Formation which consist of volcanic materials derived from the Elazığ Magmatics. The Çaybağı Formation is composed of thick fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Palu Formation consists of alluvial fan deposits and braided river, lacustrine sedimentary deposits. Samples were collected from braided river deposits of Çaybağı and Palu Formation along Hacısamdere-Çaybağı section (Ç-samples) and Hacısamdere-Palu section (PL samples). Significant positive correlation between Zr/Sc and Th/Sc ratios of two sample groups show that the siliciclastic sample groups do not represent considerable sediment recycling. Çaybağı and Palu samples have similar geochemical indices (Al2O3/TiO2, Ti/Zr, La/Th, La/Sc, Cr/Th, Co/Th, (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N, LREE/HREE ratios) and indicate derivation from intermediate-basic source rocks. In Si vs. Na/K diagram samples plot in arc field and La/Sc and Ti/Zr ratios show that samples were plotted in an oceanic island arc environment. Bu çalışmada Elazığ'ın doğusundaki Çaybağı ve Palu Formasyonu'na ait fluvial çökellerin jeokimyası (majör, iz ve nadir toprak elementler) incelenmiştir. İnceleme alanının temel kayaçlarını Guleman Grubu, Elazığ Magmatitleri, Hazar-Maden Grubu, Elazığ Magmatit'lerinden malzeme almış olan Kırkgeçit Formasyonu oluşturmaktadır. Çaybağı Formasyonu kalın fluvial-lakustrin sedimanter istiften, Palu Formasyonu alüvyon yelpazesi, örgülü nehir çökelleri, lakustrin sedimanlardan oluşmaktadır. Örnekler Hacısamdere-Çaybağı kesiti (Ç örnekleri) ve Hacısamdere-Palu kesiti (PL örnekleri) boyunca Çaybağı ve Palu Formasyonları'nın nehir çökellerinden alınmıştır. Zr/Sc ve Th/Sc oranı arasında önemli pozitif korelasyonun görülmesi örneklerin önemli bir sedimanter çevrime maruz kalmadığını göstermektedir. Çaybağı ve Palu örneklerinin benzer jeokimyasal indisleri (Al2O3/TiO2, Ti/Zr, La/Th, La/Sc, Cr/Th, Co/Th, (La/Yb)N, (Gd/Yb)N, LREE/HREE oranları), bunların nötr-bazik kaynak kayaçlarından türediğini göstermektedir., Si'a karşı Na/K diyagramında örnekler yay alanına düşmektedir. La/Sc, Ti/Zr oranları örneklerin okyanus adayayı ortamında depolanmış kayaçlardan türediğini göstermektedir.

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Petrography and geochemistry of Eocene sandstones from eastern Pontides (NE TURKEY): Implications for source area weathering, provenance and tectonic setting

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Organic geochemistry and element distribution in coals formed in Eocene lagoon facies from the Eastern Black Sea Region, NE Turkey

Organic geochemistry and element distribution in coals formed in Eocene lagoon facies from the Eastern Black Sea Region, NE Turkey

The mineralogical and geochemical composition of Holocene sediments from Lake Hazar, Elazığ, Eastern Turkey: implications for weathering, paleoclimate, redox conditions, provenance, and tectonic setting

First data on the geochemistry of fluvial deposits of Çaybağı and Palu formations (Eastern Elazığ, Turkey)

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