Petrographic and microprobe study of nephrites from Lower Silesia (SW Poland)

Abstract

Lower Silesia hosts im por tant Eu ro pean neph rite de pos its of Jordanów and less-known of Z³oty Stok. Neph rite ar ti facts were dis cov ered in ar chae o log i cal sites dated back to the Neo lithic pe riod, across Eur asia. Es pe cially ar ti facts found in Po land, Italy and Bul garia may orig i nate from Pol ish nephrites. Now a days, only one ar ti fact is pre cisely linked to Jordanów. Petrographic study of nephrites and chem i cal anal y ses of con stit u ents by means of EMPA al low ac cu rate iden ti fi ca tion of the nephrites. The char ac ter is tic phases of Jordanów tremolite neph rite are ro tated and cataclased di op side porphyroblasts with pres sure shad ows, chlorite lay ers and nests with in ter lock ing non-pseudomorphic tex ture and prehnite veins. The pres ence of hydrogrossular, grossular, ti tan ite, ap a tite with monazite in clu sions, and zir con with pleochroic haloe is typ i cal. Chlorites are usu ally rep re sented by penninite, and mi nor clinochlore and diabantite. The char ac ter is tic fea tures of Z³oty Stok actinolite neph rite are löllingite and di op side crys tals usu ally vis i ble by the na ked eye, with the pres ence of quartz and carbon ates. Löllingite is chem i cally inhomogeneous and gold bear ing. Most of the min er al og i cal-pet ro log i cal fea tures can be ob tained us ing non-de struc tive meth ods.

Origin of serpentinite-related nephrite from Jordanów and adjacent areas (SW Poland) and its comparison with selected nephrite occurrences.

“…The black-wall thick ness var ies from sev eral centi metres to ~1 m. Neph rite occurs as ir reg u lar veins and nests with vari able di rec tions and strike, within the black-walls, which are < ~50 cm thick. His tor ically, neph rite bod ies up to ~1.5 m long and ~0.5 m thick and weigh ing > ~2 tons were ex ca vated (cf., Gil, 2013). In ad di tion to com pletely rodingitised dykes, par tially-rodingitised leucogranite veins are also pres ent.…”

“…There are also neph rite de pos its in Eu rope -Sondrio (It aly; Adamo and Bocchio, 2013), Scortaseo (Swit zer land; Dietrich and de Quervain, 1968;Adamo and Bocchio, 2013;Péterdi et al, 2014), Thuringia and Ba varia (Ger many; Łobos et al, 2008;Péterdi et al, 2014), and Usinmaki and Pakila (Fin land;Gunia, 2000). In ad di tion, there are at least two neph rite-bear ing ar eas in Lower Silesia (SW Po land) -the Gogołów-Jordanów Mas sif (GJM) and Złoty Stok (for mer Ger man name Reichenstein; Traube, 1885aTraube, , b, 1887Traube, , 1888Sachs, 1902;Beutell and Heinze, 1914;Maciejewski, 1966;Heflik, 1974Heflik, , 2010Majerowicz, 2006;Middle ton, 2006;Gil, 2011Gil, , 2013. Within the GJM, two ma jor oc cur rences are dis tin guished -Jordanów (Ger man name Jordansmühl) and Nasławice (Ger man names Naselwitz and Steinberge; Majerowicz, 2006;Łobos et al, 2008;Gil, 2013).…”

“…In ad di tion, there are at least two neph rite-bear ing ar eas in Lower Silesia (SW Po land) -the Gogołów-Jordanów Mas sif (GJM) and Złoty Stok (for mer Ger man name Reichenstein; Traube, 1885aTraube, , b, 1887Traube, , 1888Sachs, 1902;Beutell and Heinze, 1914;Maciejewski, 1966;Heflik, 1974Heflik, , 2010Majerowicz, 2006;Middle ton, 2006;Gil, 2011Gil, , 2013. Within the GJM, two ma jor oc cur rences are dis tin guished -Jordanów (Ger man name Jordansmühl) and Nasławice (Ger man names Naselwitz and Steinberge; Majerowicz, 2006;Łobos et al, 2008;Gil, 2013). The Lower Silesian de pos its place Po land amongst the larg est neph rite-bear ing ar eas in Eu rope (Heflik, 1974;Middleton, 2006;Łobos et al, 2008;Gil, 2013).…”

“…Within the GJM, two ma jor oc cur rences are dis tin guished -Jordanów (Ger man name Jordansmühl) and Nasławice (Ger man names Naselwitz and Steinberge; Majerowicz, 2006;Łobos et al, 2008;Gil, 2013). The Lower Silesian de pos its place Po land amongst the larg est neph rite-bear ing ar eas in Eu rope (Heflik, 1974;Middleton, 2006;Łobos et al, 2008;Gil, 2013). These de pos its are also amongst the ear li est-dis cov ered, in the 1880s (Traube, 1885a(Traube, , b, 1887(Traube, , 1888Sachs, 1902;Beutell and Heinze, 1914;Maciejewski, 1966;Middle ton, 2006;Heflik, 2010).…”

Petrographic and geochemical investigation of a stone adze made of nephrite from the Balatonőszöd – Temetői dűlő site (Hungary), with a review of the nephrite occurrences in Europe (especially in Switzerland and in the Bohemian Massif)

“…The chem i cal com po si tion of rock-form ing amphi boles from the Jordanów and Z³oty Stok de pos its (Gil, 2013) have been com pared with that of the neph rite adze (Fig. 4).…”