Petrographic and geochemical investigation of a stone adze made of nephrite from the Balatonőszöd – Temetői dűlő site (Hungary), with a review of the nephrite occurrences in Europe (especially in Switzerland and in the Bohemian Massif)

Origin of serpentinite-related nephrite from Jordanów and adjacent areas (SW Poland) and its comparison with selected nephrite occurrences.

“…In some works, the black-wall is di vided into min eral zones, i.e. the quartz-zoisite zone ad ja cent to rodingite/plagiogranite, the quartz-zoisite-tremolite zone, the talc schist, and the talc-chlo rite schist ad ja cent to ser pen tin ite (cf., Gunia, 2000;Péterdi et al, 2014). These zones can re flect the in ten sity of meta somatic in flux.…”

“…The anal y ses were re cal culated from ox ides in weight per cent (wt.%) to at oms per for mula unit fol low ing the method of Leake et al (1997). The Jordanów neph rite bulk-rock chem i cal com po si tion was de ter mined by prompt-gamma neu tron ac ti va tion anal y sis (PGAA) by Péterdi et al (2014) in the PGAA Lab o ra tory of the Bu da pest Neu tron Cen tre (Hun gary). How ever, Péterdi et al (2014) did not men tion all mea sured ox ides/el e ments, hence the com po si tion cited is com ple mented by some pre vi ously unpub lished el e men tal con cen tra tions (cf.…”

“…In the pres ent study, we di vided chlorites to "chlorite I" and "chlorite II", rep resent ing pri mary chlorite form ing black-wall, and sec ond ary chlorite formed as a re sult of rodingite gar net de com po si tion, re spec tively. Pre vi ously stud ied (Gil, 2013) Leake et al (1997) clas si fi ca tion, some sam ples con tain tremolite, rather than actinolite ( Trace el e ments con cen tra tions (in ppm) are as fol lows: 1.6 B, <10 Cl, <40 V, 1220 Cr, 47 Co, 1408 Ni, <5 Nd, <0.5 Sm, <0.5 Gd; Fe/(Fe + Mg) ra tio 0.084 (cf., Ta ble 2; Péterdi et al, 2014).…”

“…There are also neph rite de pos its in Eu rope -Sondrio (It aly; Adamo and Bocchio, 2013), Scortaseo (Swit zer land; Dietrich and de Quervain, 1968;Adamo and Bocchio, 2013;Péterdi et al, 2014), Thuringia and Ba varia (Ger many; Łobos et al, 2008;Péterdi et al, 2014), and Usinmaki and Pakila (Fin land;Gunia, 2000). In ad di tion, there are at least two neph rite-bear ing ar eas in Lower Silesia (SW Po land) -the Gogołów-Jordanów Mas sif (GJM) and Złoty Stok (for mer Ger man name Reichenstein; Traube, 1885aTraube, , b, 1887Traube, , 1888Sachs, 1902;Beutell and Heinze, 1914;Maciejewski, 1966;Heflik, 1974Heflik, , 2010Majerowicz, 2006;Middle ton, 2006;Gil, 2011Gil, , 2013.…”

Red sandstone as raw material of Baden culture (Late Copper Age) grinding stones (Balatonőszöd - Temetői dűlő site, Hungary), with a review of the red sandstone formations of SW Hungary

“…The raw material of some tools, however, originates from regional sources (from a distance of more than 30 km), e.g., from alkaline basic rocks ("trachydolerites") and a white, andalusite-bearing two-mica granite from the Mecsek mountains (Péterdi 2011). On the site, only a few polished stone artefacts were found made of raw material from distant sources (more than 200 km), e.g., from nephrite and serpentinite from Lower Silesia (Poland), and a contact metabasite from the Krkonoše-Jizera Crystalline Unit (Czech Republic; Péterdi 2011; Péterdi et al 2014b).…”