Petro-chemical features and source areas of volcanic aggregates used in ancient Roman maritime concretes

Marra, Fabrizio; Anzidei, Marco; Benini, Alessandra; D'Ambrosio, E.; Gaeta, Mario; Ventura, Guido; Cavallo, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.10.005

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…By the use of these types of aggregates, weight reduction, enhanced thermal insulation function, and improved workability can be achieved. As the use of volcanic aggregates dates back to the ancient times [52,53,54], applied lava granulate undoubtedly meets demands of the cultural heritage community on the use of natural, compatible, and functional materials in buildings repair. Moreover, the natural volcanic rock did not need any expensive and high energy demand processing compared, e.g., to the production of expanded clays-based aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

et al. 2019

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In this paper, crushed lava granulate was used as full silica sand replacement in composition of repair mortars based on hydrated lime, natural hydraulic lime, or cement-lime binder. Lava granules were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particle size distribution of both silica and lava aggregates was assessed using standard sieve analysis. Hygrothermal function of the developed lightweight materials was characterized by the measurement of complete set of hygric, thermal, and structural parameters of the hardened mortar samples that were tested for both 28 days and 90 days cured specimens. As the repair mortars must also meet requirements on mechanical performance, their compressive strength, flexural strength, and dynamic Young’s modulus were tested. The newly developed mortars composed of lava aggregate and hydrated lime or natural hydraulic lime met technical, functional, compatibility, and performance criteria on masonry and rendering materials, and were found well applicable for repair of historically valuable buildings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

et al. 2019

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“…In this respect, the isotopic analyses of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and 143 Nd/ 144 Nd ratios, which demonstrate significant variations at both regional and local scales within the context of the peri‐Tyrrhenian Quaternary magmatism (e.g., D'Antonio, Tilton, & Civetta, ; Conticelli et al, ; Conticelli et al, ; Peccerillo, ; Peccerillo & Lustrino, ; Boari, Tommasini et al, ; Boari, Avanzinelli et al, ; Giaccio et al, ), may help draw a distinction among different source areas for the flagstones. In the last decade, a further method has been developing and used to fingerprint volcanic rocks and establish their provenance, that is the trace‐element (i.e., Zr, Y, Nb, Th, Ta) signature (e.g., Lancaster, Sottili, Marra, & Ventura, ; Marra & D'Ambrosio, ; Marra et al, ; D'Ambrosio, Marra, Cavallo, Gaeta, & Ventura, ; Farr, Marra, & Terrenato, ; Marra, D'Ambrosio, Gaeta, & Mattei, ; Marra, Anzidei et al, ; Marra, Gaeta et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic activity at Colli Albani lasted between 0.6 and 0.04 Ma (De Rita et al, ; Karner, Marra, & Renne, ; Gaeta et al, ; Gaeta et al, ; Giordano et al, ; Giaccio et al, ; Giordano, ), although a quiescent condition has been suggested by new geochronological, gas emission, shallow seismicity, and crustal uplift data (Marra, Anzidei et al, ; Marra, Gaeta et al, ). The chemical compositions of the pyroclastites and lava flow from the Colli Albani district (Figure ) are all attributable to the ultrapotassic series (Trigila et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical‐petrographic and isotopic characterization of the volcanic pavement along the ancient Appia route at the Aurunci Mountain Pass, Italy: Insights on possible provenance

et al. 2019

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The ancient Appia route was built across central‐southern Italy between the fourth and second century before the common era (B.C.E.). At the Aurunci Mountain Pass, the route crosses carbonate ridges that provided the raw material used to pave the road in the first century C.E. This material was replaced with lava blocks of unknown origin in the third century C.E. The study area is at least 50 km from the main volcanic centers along the peri‐Tyrrhenian side of Italy, such as the Colli Albani, Roccamonfina, and Middle Latin Valley volcanoes. The main objective of this research was the chemical–petrographic and isotopic characterization of rock samples from the Appia flagstones to unravel their possible provenance. The analytical procedure included scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analyses and 87Sr/86Sr–143Nd/144Nd isotopic measurements. Samples taken from unknown quarries found in the Middle Latin Valley volcanic field underwent the same analyses. After comparing the analysis results with data from the literature, the most likely source area was identified with the Roccamonfina precaldera ultrapotassic sequence. The availability and use of volcanic resources for the construction and maintenance of the ancient Appia route in the investigated territories are only outlined in this work and deserve further study.

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“…[28]: the light red line represents the path of the Trajan aqueduct around Lake Bracciano; (b) segment of the aqueduct with the location of each sampling point (A-N) and corresponding sample (Table 1). Among them, the Tufo Giallo della Via Tiberina (yellow tuff of Via Tiberina, TGdVT) leucite phono-trachytic pyroclastic succession includes lower (LTGdVT) and upper (UT-GdVT) sequences, Tufo Giallo di Prima Porta (yellow tuff of Prima Porta, TGdPP) and the Grottarossa Pyroclastic Sequence [22,29]; above it the emplacement of extensive airfall tuffs and ashes interbedded with surges and minor pyroclastic flow units corresponds to the Sacrofano stratified tuffs, alternating with sporadic lava flows; a large pyroclastic-flow forms the Tufo Rosso a Scorie Nere (red tuff with black scoria, TRaSN); finally, a succession of pumice and scoria fall deposits underlies the Tufo Giallo di Sacrofano (yellow tuff of Sacrofano, TGdS) [30].…”

Section: Brief Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqua Traiana, a Roman Infrastructure Embedded in the Present: The Mineralogical Perspective

et al. 2021

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Construction materials from the internal ducts of Aqua Traiana, a still operative Roman aqueduct built in 109 AD to supply water to Rome, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Petrographic analysis and XRPD revealed that mortar aggregates are compatible with Vitruvius’ harena fossicia and allowed the distinction of the original mortars from those of the 17th-century papal restoration. The first showed an amorphous binder while the latter have a typical lime binder. By SEM-EDS and EMPA, the microstructure of mortar aggregates was analyzed and the composition of specific minerals quantified. Microanalysis testifies the Romans’ great expertise in the selection of pozzolanic building materials, giving evidence of the possible use of local tuffs from the Sabatini Volcanic District. It also confirms the exploitation of red pozzolan from the Roman Magmatic Province, specifically from the Alban Hills district. OM also proves a high compatibility with local supplies for bricks and cocciopesto. Of these, the first were fired at moderately low temperature, while the latter show an amorphous binder as in the original Trajan mortars. All building materials thus stand for similar technological choices and a coeval production.

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Petro-chemical features and source areas of volcanic aggregates used in ancient Roman maritime concretes

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

Mortars with Crushed Lava Granulate for Repair of Damp Historical Buildings

Chemical‐petrographic and isotopic characterization of the volcanic pavement along the ancient Appia route at the Aurunci Mountain Pass, Italy: Insights on possible provenance

Aqua Traiana, a Roman Infrastructure Embedded in the Present: The Mineralogical Perspective

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