PET Recycling – Contributions of Crystallization to Sustainability

Pudack, Claudia; Stepanski, Manfred; Fässler, Peter

doi:10.1002/cite.201900085

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, purification of the final products is necessary (crude products contain alcohols and phthalate derivates), increasing the energy consumption and costs (Lee and Liew, 2020). Nevertheless, product separation can be improved by other processes (Sinha et al, 2010) such as working under supercritical conditions (300-350 • C and 20 MPa) (Goto et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2015), using vapor methanolysis for easier separation of methanol vapor and products (Kim et al, 2008;Pudack et al, 2020), applying catalysts like zinc acetate or manganese salts (Kurokawa et al, 2003;Mishra and Goje, 2003;Siddiqui et al, 2012), or shortening the reaction time under microwave conditions (Siddiqui et al, 2012).…”

Section: Methanolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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Plastics are very useful materials and present numerous advantages in the daily life of individuals and society. However, plastics are accumulating in the environment and due to their low biodegradability rate, this problem will persist for centuries. Until recently, oceans were treated as places to dispose of litter, thus the persistent substances are causing serious pollution issues. Plastic and microplastic waste has a negative environmental, social, and economic impact, e.g., causing injury/death to marine organisms and entering the food chain, which leads to health problems. The development of solutions and methods to mitigate marine (micro)plastic pollution is in high demand. There is a knowledge gap in this field, reason why research on this thematic is increasing. Recent studies reported the biodegradation of some types of polymers using different bacteria, biofilm forming bacteria, bacterial consortia, and fungi. Biodegradation is influenced by several factors, from the type of microorganism to the type of polymers, their physicochemical properties, and the environment conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, UV radiation). Currently, green environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic made from renewable feedstocks are starting to enter the market. This review covers the period from 1964 to April 2020 and comprehensively gathers investigation on marine plastic and microplastic pollution, negative consequences of plastic use, and bioplastic production. It lists the most useful methods for plastic degradation and recycling valorization, including degradation mediated by microorganisms (biodegradation) and the methods used to detect and analyze the biodegradation.

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Section: Methanolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

et al. 2020

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“…The physical properties of PET are one of the crucial parts for recycling PET due to PET had a low crystallization rate. A method to increase crystallization rate with heat up of the polymer became melt and incorporation of crystallization facilitator and nucleating agents [ 177 ]. The crystallization rate of PET between 150–180 °C depends on the degree of chain orientation, molecular weight and the polymerization catalyst’s nature.…”

Section: Factor For Recycling Petmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

2021

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The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) application has many challenges and potential due to its sustainability. The conventional PET degradation was developed for several technologies to get higher yield products of ethylene glycol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) and terephthalic acid. The chemical recycling of PET is reviewed, such as pyrolysis, hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, ionic-liquid, phase-transfer catalysis and combination of glycolysis–hydrolysis, glycolysis–methanolysis and methanolysis–hydrolysis. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and reaction conditions were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The recycling of PET is to solve environmental problems and find another source of raw material for petrochemical products and energy.

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“…The catalyst has to be deactivated after the reaction to prevent the reduction of efficiency of DMT due to transesterification reaction with EG. Terephthalate produced in this reaction will be purified and used in the production of PET as a raw material (Pudack et al 2020).…”

Section: Methanolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)—a Comprehensive Review

et al. 2021

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As an integral part of plastic waste, large amounts of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and solid waste have led to serious environmental problems. In order to identify critical barriers to the reuse of plastic across a wide range of plastic values all over the world, we need to go through PET and PHB in terms of volume. This is a significant factor for the world and our global warming. The current uses of plastic through PET and PHB are significant. Through the recycling process of PET and PHB, the total volume of plastic uses will be decreased and reuse rate will be high by economic, social, and environmental factors. Key areas are identified by low demand due to price considerations, insufficient tracking and transparency of pricing transactions, and lack of common design. Integration of value chains is considered to be the most important intervention for respondents, following the need for increased investment and technology development. Recycling helps the environment and creates new economic opportunities. Reuse of plastics encourages businesses to develop new and innovative products. Recycling reduces through extraction (mining, quarrying, and logging), refining, and processing of raw materials which create significant air and water pollution. As renewable energy saving also reduces greenhouse gas emissions, which help to cope with climate change. This paper aims to raise awareness that increase the demand of recycling process of PET and PHB and to identify critical barriers of recycling throughout a series of plastic prices with the volume.

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PET Recycling – Contributions of Crystallization to Sustainability

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Marine Environmental Plastic Pollution: Mitigation by Microorganism Degradation and Recycling Valorization

Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET

Plastic Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)—a Comprehensive Review

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