Pesticides residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain. VI.—Mercury residues in rice

Smart, N. A.; Hill, Alan R.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740190606

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Despite high detection limits available at that time (i.e., 100 ng/g), the maximum THg concentration for polished rice from treated fields measured 200 ng/g, compared to non-detectable levels in control fields (Epps, 1966). In 1968, a market-basket survey in the UK reported THg content in rice imported from eleven countries, with concentrations ranging from less than 5 ng/g (detection limit) to 95 ng/g (Smart and Hill, 1968). Although organo-Hg fungicides, including phenylmercuric acetate, were banned in Japan after the discovery of Minamata disease in the 1950s–1960s, residual Hg levels in paddy soil were a potential concern.…”

Section: Comprehensive Inventory Of Rice Grain Thg and Mehg Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: A comprehensive review

Rothenberg

Windham‐Myers

Creswell

2014

Environmental Research

167

151

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Rice cultivation practices from field preparation to post-harvest transform rice paddies into hot spots for microbial mercury methylation, converting less-toxic inorganic mercury to more-toxic methylmercury, which is likely translocated to rice grain. This review includes 51 studies reporting rice total mercury and/or methylmercury concentrations, based on rice cultivated or purchased in 15 countries. Not surprisingly, both rice total mercury and methylmercury levels were significantly higher in polluted sites compared to non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p<0.001). However, rice percent methylmercury (of total mercury) did not differ statistically between polluted and non-polluted sites (Wilcoxon rank sum, p=0.35), suggesting comparable mercury methylation rates in paddy soil across these sites and/or similar accumulation of mercury species for these rice cultivars. Studies characterizing the effect of rice cultivation under more aerobic conditions were reviewed to determine the mitigation potential of this practice. Rice management practices utilizing alternating wetting and drying (instead of continuous flooding) caused soil methylmercury levels to spike, resulting in a strong methylmercury pulse after fields were dried and reflooded; however, it is uncertain whether this led to increased translocation of methylmercury from paddy soil to rice grain. Due to the potential health risks, it is advisable to investigate this issue further, and to develop separate water management strategies for mercury polluted and non-polluted sites, which minimize methylmercury exposure through rice ingestion.

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Section: Comprehensive Inventory Of Rice Grain Thg and Mehg Concenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: A comprehensive review

Rothenberg

Windham‐Myers

Creswell

2014

Environmental Research

167

151

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“…Natural sources of Hg are responsible for about half of atmospheric emissions, while the remaining half derives mostly from anthropogenic sources, such as chemical industry emissions, smelting and melting of other metals (e.g. gold), wastewater treatment, improper disposal of certain products, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers (Smart and Hill 1968;Mortvedt 1995;Navarro et al 1996;Wagner-Döbler 2003;Yasuda et al 2004;Zheng et al 2007;Zhong et al 2018;Tang et al 2018Tang et al , 2020Sun et al 2019b;Wang et al 2019). Due to its known toxicity, bioavailability and bioaccumulation potential, Hg environmental pollution has caused a growing worldwide concern (Gutiérrez-Mosquera et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive mercury exposure assessment in the Brandt’s hedgehog (Paraechinus hypomelas): spines as indicators of endogenous concentrations

Behrooz

Poma

Barghi

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Due to its persistence, bioaccumulation characteristics and toxicity, environmental contamination with mercury (Hg) is of high concern for human health, living organisms and ecosystems, and its biological monitoring is highly relevant. In this study, the levels of total Hg were measured in organs, tissues and spines of 50 individuals of Brandt's hedgehog collected in Iran in 2019. The Hg median levels in kidneys, liver, muscle, and spines were 156, 47, 47 and 20 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the levels of Hg in kidneys and liver (r = 0.519; p < 0.01) and in spines and muscle (r = 0.337, p < 0.01) and kidneys (r = 0.309, p < 0.05). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in Hg levels in organs and tissues were also observed depending on the sex, weight, length, and age of the individuals. In addition, the median levels of total Hg in kidneys of Brandt's hedgehogs from an agricultural ecotype (mean 179±65) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those collected from a forest ecotype (mean 122±50), suggesting that the habitat could have a significant impact on animal contamination.

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“…Mercury (Hg) is considered a highly toxic metal and has been used in the composition of pesticides utilized in rice fields (Smart & Hill, 1968). In Brazil, the use of pesticides containing Hg was banned in the 70's.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of a paddy field in Southern of Brazil

Kütter

Silva-Filho

et al. 2015

Acta Limnol. Bras.

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Aim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the Hg concentration in two species of fish (Astyanax sp and Corydoras paleatus) and its potential use as a biomonitor, in order to know if the use of pesticides and fertilizers in paddy can enhance the Hg contamination to adjacent aquatic environment.MethodsSoil, suspended particulate matter and fish samples were sampled in a paddy field in South Brazil. A cold vapor system, coupled with a GBC 932 atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used for total Hg determinations in samples.ResultsThe paddy soil shows Hg concentration 2-fold higher (mean 31 ng g-1) in comparison to background areas (not cultivated). Suspended particle matter Hg concentration in paddy channels (mean 232.5 ± 44.2 ng g–1) are 1.5 times higher than the regional background. The analyzed fish specimens Astyanax sp in paddy showed Hg concentration 4-fold higher and significant different to background area. The mean Hg concentration in fish was: 51.7 ± 19.5 ng g–1 in Astyanax sp and 156.8 ± 44.0 ng g–1 in Corydoras paleatus.ConclusionsConsidering the linear regression and Man whitney test hypothesis to Hg concentration in fish tissue from paddy suggests that Astyanax sp. can be a good biomonitor of Hg contamination, whereas Corydoras paleatus is a potential biomonitor. However, more studies with Corydoras are necessary in order to aggregate consistency to this hypothesis.

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Pesticides residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain. VI.—Mercury residues in rice

Abstract: Analyses of samples of rice from United Kingdom importers and from retail sources show that levels of mercury are often negligible, although they may rise to 0.01 ppm and occasionally to 0.015 ppm.

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: A comprehensive review

Rice methylmercury exposure and mitigation: A comprehensive review

Non-destructive mercury exposure assessment in the Brandt’s hedgehog (Paraechinus hypomelas): spines as indicators of endogenous concentrations

Mercury bioaccumulation in fishes of a paddy field in Southern of Brazil

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