Pesticides as Environmental Mutagens

Crosby, Donald G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4352-3_18

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It was however soon realized that the application of fertilizers was causing contamination at both local and global scale, altering the physico-chemical and nutrient status of the soil, thereby effecting the flora. Fertilizers are reactive compounds that can form covalent bonds with different nucleophilic centers of cellular biomolecules, including DNA (Crosby 1982).…”

Section: Cyto-genotoxicity Of Fertilizers Monitored By Allium Root Timentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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A general report on the use of the Allium test as cytotoxicological and genotoxicological assay is proposed, with particular emphasis about the standardization of the test in several common applications. The intraspecific variation in Allium cepa has been overlooked, as in most investigations no mention is made about origin and denomination of the onion cultivar used. A standardization of the used material would allow a better generalization of the results, since we cannot be sure that all cultivars would give the same response. A more frequent use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation is proposed. Even if relatively time consuming and not available in all laboratories, it may help to better understand the mechanism of cytotoxicity, since many morphological characters may appear similar but be arisen from different processes observable only with TEM. About statistical testing, tests other than chi-squared may be used in case of a lower amount of data. The most commonly used statistical tests are the parametric tests ANOVA and Student's t, and the nonparametric tests Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U, for analysis of variance. Tests should be used also to assess the minimal sample dimension for obtaining significance, since data collection (microscope observation) appears to be one of the main bottle necks of the test. Also the use of the Allium test for testing liposomes and other nanovectors for drug delivery is proposed, in order to assess the cytotoxicity of these types of medium and the possible increase in cytotoxicity of the associated drug.

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Section: Cyto-genotoxicity Of Fertilizers Monitored By Allium Root Timentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Firbas²,

et al. 2018

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“…Some pesticides are very reactive compounds that can form covalent bonds with various nucleophilic centers of cellular biomolecules, including DNA [Crosby, 1982]. Because large amounts of pesticides are released into the environment daily, they are of concern because of their potential toxicity, and any consequences of their potential genetic and related effects [Ribas et al, 1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity testing of the herbicide trifluralin and its commercial formulation Treflan using the piscine micronucleus test

Könen

Çavaş

2008

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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In this study, the genotoxic effects of a widely used herbicide, trifluralin, and its commercial formulation, Treflan, were evaluated using the micronucleus test in a commercially important fish species, Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia). Fish were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 microg/L doses of trifluralin and Treflan for 3, 6, and 9 days under laboratory conditions. Ethylmethanesulfonate, at a single dose of 10 mg/L, was used as positive control. Micronuclei were evaluated on the peripheral erythrocytes. Both Treflan and trifluralin treatments significantly increased the micronucleus frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of O. niloticus. Furthermore, the genotoxicity of the active ingredient, trifluralin, was observed to be higher than that of the commercial formulation Treflan. Our results indicate that herbicide trifluralin has genotoxic potential in fish.

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“…Pesticides tend to be very reactive compounds that can form covalent bonds with various nucleophilic centers of cellular biomolecules, including DNA [2–4]. Because of their biological activity, the indiscriminate use of pesticides may cause undesired effects to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clastogenic Effects of Glyphosate in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Albino Mice

Prasad

Srivastava

Singh

et al. 2009

Journal of Toxicology

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Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, C3H8NO5P), a herbicide, used to control unwanted annual and perennial plants all over the world. Nevertheless, occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides can pose a threat to nontarget species including human beings. Therefore, in the present study, genotoxic effects of the herbicide glyphosate were analyzed by measuring chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice. A single dose of glyphosate was given intraperitoneally (i.p) to the animals at a concentration of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt. Animals of positive control group were injected i.p. benzo(a)pyrene (100 mg/kg b.wt., once only), whereas, animals of control (vehicle) group were injected i.p. dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 mL). Animals from all the groups were sacrificed at sampling times of 24, 48, and 72 hours and their bone marrow was analyzed for cytogenetic and chromosomal damage. Glyphosate treatment significantly increases CAs and MN induction at both treatments and time compared with the vehicle control (P < .05). The cytotoxic effects of glyphosate were also evident, as observed by significant decrease in mitotic index (MI). The present results indicate that glyphosate is clastogenic and cytotoxic to mouse bone marrow.

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Pesticides as Environmental Mutagens

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

An evaluation for the standardization of theAllium cepatest as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay

Genotoxicity testing of the herbicide trifluralin and its commercial formulation Treflan using the piscine micronucleus test

Clastogenic Effects of Glyphosate in Bone Marrow Cells of Swiss Albino Mice

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