Pesticide selectivity for the insect egg parasitoid Telenomus remus

Abstract

We evaluated the side-effects of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides on adults of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) under laboratory conditions. The protocol was adapted from that proposed by the Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms Working Group of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) for Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchal). Chlorpyrifos, acephate, beta-cyfluthrin ? imidacloprid, spinosad, and pyrethroids were harmful to the parasitoid, whereas methoxyfenozide, diflubenzuron, and flufenoxuron had no effect. Of the herbicides examined, only glyphosate ? imazethapyr and 2,4-D amine were classified as harmless on the first and second days of parasitism; paraquat was the most harmful. Other herbicides were harmless on the first day of parasitism, but caused various levels of reduction of T. remus parasitism on the second day. The fungicides were harmless or only slightly harmful.

Toxicity of organic supplies for the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi

“…with approximately 50 E. heros eggs each were offered for 24h to freshly emerged T. podisi females. These cards were then transferred into vials and kept from 216 to 228h to obtain T. podisi pupae (FOERSTER et al, 2004) which were then sprayed with the treatments with a Potter Tower regulated to a pressure of 1.5Kgf cm -2 ensuring a deposit of 1.25±0.25mg cm -2 similar to procedures adopted by CARMO et al (2010). After being sprayed, T. podisi pupae were allowed to dry for 2h and then placed inside cages (HASSAN, 1992).…”

Selectivity of pesticides used in rice crop on Telenomus podisi and Trichogramma pretiosum

“…Diflubenzuron was also selective to Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) (Carmo et al 2010) and T. pretiosum (Carvalho et al 1994). Insecticides like diflubenzuron, which is an insect growth regulator, have the ability to kill specifically the target insect and preserve the agents of biological control.…”

“…Insecticides like diflubenzuron, which is an insect growth regulator, have the ability to kill specifically the target insect and preserve the agents of biological control. Hormones that trigger the physiological molting process have different efficacy among the taxonomic orders of insects (Carmo et al 2010). Pests and their natural enemies are generally from different orders.…”

“…and Trichogramma spp. (Moura et al 2006, Giolo et al 2007, Stefanello Júnior et al 2008a, Preetha et al 2009, Carmo et al 2010, Koppel et al 2011, Goulart et al 2012, Oliveira et al 2013. As reported by Stefanello Júnior et al (2008a), this toxicity originates from the similarity in the transmission mode of nerve impulses not only between the different orders of insects, but also between the various animal phyla.…”

“…The procedures followed standards adapted from the International Organisation for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (IOBC) (Hassan et al 2000, Carmo et al 2010.…”