Pesticide Pollution in Soils and Sediment in India: Status, Impact and Countermeasures

The paper aimed to develop an effective multiresidue extraction method in three major soil types, namely i) new alluvial soil (NAS); ii) red lateritic soil (RS) and iii) black soil (BS) in the Indian subcontinent for determining the residues of pesticides from various chemical classes. To establish an effective pre-treatment process, an ethyl acetate-based extraction method with a freezing out cleanup step was employed. The analysis was performed using gas chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The validation experiments were performed on 220 GC-amenable pesticides by spiking all soil samples. The linearity of the calibration curves was satisfactory in matrix-matched standards and yielded the coe cients of determination (R 2 ) ≥0.99 for approximately 98% of the target analytes in all matrices. At 10 ng/g, the recoveries of the spiked pesticides were in the range of 70-120%, with associated precision-RSD values ≤20% for approximately 85%, 88.6% and 89% of the compounds for BS, RS and NAS respectively. At the higher spiking levels of 20 and 50 ng/g, average recoveries and RSDs readily met the validation criteria of all the studied pesticides. Overall, the method holds potential as a suitable procedure for multiresidue analysis in soils for safety evaluation and risk assessment purposes. HighlightsA multiresidue method is reported for simultaneous analysis of multiclass pesticides in soilThe soil types represented the major crop growing areas of the Indian subcontinent Sample preparation involved extraction with ethyl acetate and cleanup by a freezing stepThe residues were estimated by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometryThe method sensitivity, accuracy and precision complied with the SANTE/12682/2019 guidelines

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Pesticide Pollution in Soils and Sediment in India: Status, Impact and Countermeasures

Cited by 3 publications

References 156 publications

Effect of toxicological interaction of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and arsenic on soil dehydrogenase activity in the terrestrial environment

Effect of toxicological interaction of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and arsenic on soil dehydrogenase activity in the terrestrial environment

Insecticide residues in Khor Abuhabel sediments and soil of South Kordofan State, Sudan

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in three Indian soils: method development and validation using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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