Pestalotiopsis a highly creative genus: chemistry and bioactivity of secondary metabolites

Abstract

Fungal endophytes are receiving increasing attention by natural product chemists due to their diverse and structurally unprecedented compounds which make them interesting candidates for drug discovery. One fungal genus which is especially productive with regard to the accumulation of a diverse array of mostly bioactive compounds is Pestalotiopsis. This review demonstrates the unique chemical diversity of taxa from this genus and describes their reported bioactivities. To date, alkaloids, terpenoids, isocoumarin derivatives, coumarins, chromones, quinones, semiquinones, peptides, xanthones, xanthone derivatives, phenols, phenolic acids, and lactones, have been reported from Pestalotiopsis species, making this genus a particularly rich source for bioprospecting when compared with other fungal genera. More than 130 different compounds that have been isolated from various species of Pestalotiopsis are covered in this review and their structures are reported within a biogenetic context. Bioassays disclosed that antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities are the most notable bioactivities of secondary metabolites isolated from this genus. Possible biogenetic pathways for monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, quinones, and lactones that are covered in this review article are also illustrated.

Larvicidal effects of endophytic and basidiomycete fungus extracts on Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…sanguineus, has been shown to have antibacterial 19 , cytotoxic and antiviral activities 20 . The genus Pestalotiopsis has also received attention because members of this genus have been shown to produce secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity 21,22 . Most recent Pestalotiopsis studies have been based on endophytic isolates 15,23,24 .…”

“…Fungi secrete secondary metabolites into their external environment to perform several activities, including obtaining food and providing defense against microorganisms 12,22 . These results suggest that the studied fungi did not produce metabolites with larvicidal activity when grown in liquid culture medium.…”

Production, Characterization and Application of a Thermostable Tannase from Pestalotiopsis guepinii URM 7114

“…P. guepinii is a generic type of Pestalotiopsis sp., which is a plant pathogen that causes disease in important crop plants (21). The genus has been investigated not because of its pathogenic nature (22)(23)(24), but rather because its species produces many important secondary metabolites (25,26) that may have medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications (9). Among them are: bioactive alkaloids, terpenoids, isocoumarin derivatives, coumarins, chromones, quinones, semiquinones, peptides, xanthones, xanthone derivatives, phenols, phenolic acids, and lactones with a range of antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumour activities (26).…”

In-vitro Evaluation of Some Selected Fungicides against Pestalotio psis clavispora and Pseudocochliobolus eragrostidis Isolated from Vitellaria paradoxaSeedlings.

“…The genus has received much attention from the scientific com munity. However, this is not because of its pathogenic nature (Yasuda et al 2003), but rather because its species have been shown to produce many important secondary metabolites (Xu et al 2010). Pseudocochliobolus eragrostidis belongs to the phylum Ascomycota and family Pleosporaceae, and is described as the teleomorph of Cochliobolus eragrostidis (from rice and Eragrostis tef) Tsuda and Ueyama, (1985).…”