Larvicidal effects of endophytic and basidiomycete fungus extracts on Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Diptera, Culicidae)

Abstract

Introduction:In vitro bioassays were performed to access the larvicidal activity of crude extracts from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis virgulata (Melanconiales, Amphisphaeriaceae) and the saprophytic fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae) against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles nuneztovari. Methods: The extracts were tested at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500ppm. Ethyl acetate mycelia (EAM) extracts and liquid culture media (LCM) from Pe. virgulata and Py. sanguineus were tested against third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and An. nuneztovari. Results: The larvicidal activity of the EAM extracts from Pe. virgulata against Ae. aegypti had an LC 50 =101.8ppm, and the extract from the basidiomycete fungus Py. sanguineus had an LC 50 =156.8ppm against the Ae. aegypti larvae. The Pe. virgulata extract had an LC 50 =16.3ppm against the An. nuneztovari larvae, and the Py. sanguineus extract had an LC 50 =87.2ppm against these larvae. Conclusions: These results highlight the larvicidal effect of EAM extracts from the endophyte Pe. virgulata against the two larval mosquitoes tested. Thus, Pe. virgulata and Py. sanguineus have the potential for the production of bioactive substances against larvae of these two tropical disease vectors, with An. nuneztovari being more susceptible to these extracts.

Larvicidal Effect of Mixture of Beauveria bassiana Crude Metabolite and Chitinase Enzyme against Aedes aegypti Larvae

“…Bramachary and Paily, 23 reported metabolite products similar to enzime chitinase as produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens has LC 50 values of 2.29 ug/mL or 2.29 ppm against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. However, the LC 50 value of natural larvacide formula used in this study was lower if compared to Bucker et al, 24 study which reported that endophytic fungi extract and basidiomiset extract indicate LC 50 values at101.8 ppm and 156.8 ppm against Aedes aegypti larvae. In addition, the mixture of LC 50 Beauveria bassiana crude metabolites and enzyme chitinase is also lower than in study by Widastuti, 9 stating that LC 50 value of isolate BKUd01 against Aedes aegypti was achieved at concentration 2000 ppm.…”

Larvicidal efficiency of the mushroom Amanitamuscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) against the mosquito Culexquinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae)

“…(Linnaeus, 1758) (Polyporales, Polyporaceae) and Pestal otiopsis sp. Steyaert, 1949 (Xylariales, Amphisphaeriaceae) against the ye llow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera, Culicidae), as observed by Bucker (7) . The observed differences could be related to species-specifi c differences or to the methods of extraction, as the author observed different impacts according to tested formulations.…”

“…However, although there are few studies that investigate the use of fungi as a control measure, some fungal species have shown promising results against insects (6) (7) .…”

Mycosphere Essay 11: Fungi of Pycnoporus: morphological and molecular identification, worldwide distribution and biotechnological potential

“…Most alkaloids have strong physiological effects in animals even at low doses so have psychoactive, medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. It has been reported that of the pigments of Pycnoporus strains; cinnabarin, cinnabarinic acid and tramesanguin are the main components, and act as antioxidants, free radical scavengers, antifungals (Borderes et al 2011), anticarcinogens (Smânia et al 2003), are immunomodulatory, larvicidal (Bücker et al 2013), have lechmanicidal activity (Correa et al 2006) and antiviral, antibacterial (Smânia et al 1995(Smânia et al , 2003 and anti-inflammatory activity (Kuanget et al 2010). Pigment characterization, and its biosynthesis have been described by several authors.…”