Incidence Rate/IR DHF in Indonesia 2015 to 2017 decreased 44.43%, although in 2016 there was an increase of 53.61% from incidence in 2015 (DHF IR per 100,000 population in 2015 until 2017 was 50,75;77,96; 22.55). Five subsystems related to DHF transmission are human, dengue virus, Aedes mosquito, physical and biological environment. Research on these five subsystems and various control efforts has been done in Indonesia. Literature review was used to discuss it in this article. Search area on the site ejournal.litbang.kemkes.go.id, portalgaruda.org, e-resources.perpusnas.go.id, www.researchgate.net, www.hindawi.com and who.int with keywords Aedes aegypti, Dengue Haemorhagic Fever. Several studies showed different results depending on the study site conditions (climatic,altitude,ecological conditions). Human behavior associated with the use of anti-mosquito, dengue virus, Aedes as a vector (potential breeding places, transovary phenomena, insecticide vector resistance), and climate conditions (temperature and humidity) that contribute to the incidence of DHF. Vector control is the most effective measure in DHF control program. The use of Bacillus thuringensis, Romanomermis iyengari, and Wolbachia, the manufactured repellents and larvasides from various plants, the improvement of eradication of mosquito breeding sites related community behavior, and the application of sterile insect techniques have been developed from various studies. The results of such research can be adopted as alternative to control vectors and implemented in integrated manner based on the specific local context.
The elimination of malaria in the world is targeted in 2030. Java and Bali are targeted to get malaria elimination certification in 2023. The area in the Menoreh Hills, which is the border of 3 districts and two provinces, namely Magelang district and Purworejo district in Central Java Province; and Kulonprogo district, in Special Province of Yogyakarta. Magelang district has obtained a certificate of malaria elimination. This study uses a qualitative design with in-depth interviews with 4-6 informants in each district consisting of officers in the District Health Service, Public Health Center, District Planning and Development Agency, and People Welfare Unit in regional government. The activity was carried out from March 2018 to May 2019. The districts in the Menoreh Hills area have collaborated and held cross-regional meetings to eliminate malaria. Even though it had a different problem in human resources, funds, infrastructure, in general, cross-program has a role in the form of cooperation in activities that carried out together. The cross-sectoral involvement has not been seen much at the meeting, consolidation, and planning. Communities from three locations play a role in environmental cleanliness and migration surveillance. In the past, Magelang district has been active in collaborating cross-program and sectors as well as community participation compared to Kulonprogo and Purworejo districts, so that Magelang district can obtain a malaria elimination certificate first. However, currently, Kulonprogo and Purworejo districts have been active in collaborating cross-program and sectors, while in Magelang district are now weakening. The community already has awareness in the implementation of malaria migration surveillance. The community already has awareness in the implementation of malaria migration surveillance. Abstrak Eliminasi malaria di dunia ditargetkan pada tahun 2030. Jawa dan Bali ditargetkan mendapat sertifikasi eliminasi malaria pada tahun 2023. Kawasan Bukit Menoreh merupakan perbatasan dari 3 wilayah kabupaten dan 2 provinsi yaitu Magelang, Purworejo Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kabupaten Kulonprogo Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Saat ini, Kabupaten Magelang telah memperoleh sertifikat eliminasi malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai/menentukan status kemitraan/kerjasama, lintas program, lintas sektor dan peran serta masyarakat dalam eliminasi malaria. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam kepada 4-6 informan pada setiap kabupaten yang terdiri dari petugas di dinas kesehatan kabupaten, puskesmas, Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda), serta pemerintah daerah bagian kesejahteraan rakyat (Kesra). Kegiatan dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2018-Mei 2019. Kabupaten di Kawasan Bukit Menoreh telah melakukan kerjasama dan pertemuan lintas wilayah dalam menanggulangi malaria. Meskipun mempunyai kendala yang berbeda-beda dari segi SDM, dana, sarana pra sarana, secara umum peran lintas program berupa kerjasama dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan bersama-sama. Lintas sektor yang terlibat belum banyak yang terlihat pada pertemuan, konsolidasi, dan perencanaan. Masyarakat dari ketiga lokasi berperan dalam kebersihan lingkungan, surveilans migrasi. Magelang lebih dahulu aktif melakukan kerjasama lintas program dan lintas sektor serta peran serta masyarakat dibandingkan Kulonprogo dan Purworejo sehingga dapat lebih dahulu memperoleh sertifikat eliminasi malaria. Saat ini kegiatan kerjasama lintas program dan sektor di kabupaten Magelang melemah. Sedangkan, Kulonprogo dan Purworejo telah aktif melakukan kerjasama lintas program dan lintas sektor serta peran serta masyarakat. Masyarakat sudah mempunyai kesadaran dalam pelaksanaan surveilans migrasi malaria.
Pekalongan regency, Central Java (Indonesia) is one of area which experienced with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) incidence since many years ago. The extensive use of insecticides for dengue vector control has been carried out for long period in Pekalongan Regency. This fact stimulate the need to study the resistence status and esterase enzyme avtivity of Aedes aegypti to Malathion. The research was conducted in April-November 2014. Insecticide susceptibility assays were performed on F1 generation of wild-caught adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Simbangkulon Village Buaran Sub district, Kedungwuni Barat Village Kedungwuni Sub dsitrict and Karangsari Village Karanganyar Sub district, with the diagnostic doses of malathion (0,8%). Esterase enzyme activity of these mosquitoes was tested biochemically to find out the mechanisms of resistance to Malathion. Mosquitoes mortality as a result of Malathion effect showed variation in range from 3.33 to 13.75% in all study sites. That result indicated that Ae.aegypti mosquitoes are resistant to Malathion in all study sites . Based on biochemical assays, there was an increase if esterase enztyme activity of Ae aegypti in all study sites.. Therefore, alpha esterase enzyme activity could be associated with the mechanisms which responsible to malathion resistance in Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan. The results of this study provided the information about the malathion resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan, and biochemical mechanisms which essential for monitoring the insecticide resistance in this area.
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