“…This is a very important limitation in Brazil, where other flaviviruses circulate (mainly dengue and Chikungunya), and a large part of the population is vaccinated against yellow fever. Another challenge is the unavailability of rapid tests (immunochromatographic), serological (IgM and IgG–Elisa), and molecular tests for the timely diagnosis of ZIKV infection, especially in the most vulnerable groups—pregnant women and people with chronic and autoimmune diseases (De Oliveira and Vasconcelos 2016 ; Duarte and Garcia 2016 ).…”
This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil.
“…This is a very important limitation in Brazil, where other flaviviruses circulate (mainly dengue and Chikungunya), and a large part of the population is vaccinated against yellow fever. Another challenge is the unavailability of rapid tests (immunochromatographic), serological (IgM and IgG–Elisa), and molecular tests for the timely diagnosis of ZIKV infection, especially in the most vulnerable groups—pregnant women and people with chronic and autoimmune diseases (De Oliveira and Vasconcelos 2016 ; Duarte and Garcia 2016 ).…”
This paper explores the main factors for mosquito-borne transmission of the Zika virus by focusing on environmental, anthropogenic, and social risks. A literature review was conducted bringing together related information from this genre of research from peer-reviewed publications. It was observed that environmental conditions, especially precipitation, humidity, and temperature, played a role in the transmission. Furthermore, anthropogenic factors including sanitation, urbanization, and environmental pollution promote the transmission by affecting the mosquito density. In addition, socioeconomic factors such as poverty as well as social inequality and low-quality housing have also an impact since these are social factors that limit access to certain facilities or infrastructure which, in turn, promote transmission when absent (e.g., piped water and screened windows). Finally, the paper presents short-, mid-, and long-term preventative solutions together with future perspectives. This is the first review exploring the effects of anthropogenic aspects on Zika transmission with a special emphasis in Brazil.
“…Due to its magnitude, CZS required rapid scientific and state responses, with success in establishing the association with the agent, vector and modes of transmission, in the development of technology for diagnosis and prevention, as well as in promoting research and professional training 57,58 . In the broadest sense, it constituted: a total social fact […] which reflects a multiplicity of facts and meanings, ranging from the relationship established with the mosquito (a non-human being) to one of the most basic human acts, birth 59…”
Desde 2015, a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) marca o cenário brasileiro, extrapolando o campo da Saúde Pública com demandas da proteção social. Considerando a intersecção entre pobreza, deficiência e marcos da seguridade social, examina-se a Medida Provisória 894, que prevê renda mensal vitalícia para as crianças acometidas. Com o objetivo discutir o instrumento à luz dos marcos da seguridade social no recorte da transferência de renda não condicionada para as pessoas com deficiência (PcD) no Brasil, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo mediante análise de documentos públicos e revisão de literatura. As respostas estatais não produziram impacto na insuficiência de renda porque voltaram-se inicialmente para atender à situação emergencial, recorrendo às políticas preexistentes, e culminaram na substituição entre modalidades de transferência de renda – o Benefício de Prestação Continuada para Pensão Vitalícia –, revelando fragilização da proteção social integral.
“…A SCZV, por sua magnitude, exigiu celeridade de respostas científicas e estatais, alcançando êxito no estabelecimento da associação com o agente, vetor e modos de transmissão da doença no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para o diagnóstico e prevenção, bem como na direção do fomento à pesquisa e à formação profissional 57,58 . Em sentido amplo, constituiu: Contudo, a insuficiência de renda, a vulnerabilidade e o risco social das crianças com SCZV não encontraram solução no âmbito do Estado.…”
Desde 2015, a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) marca o cenário brasileiro, extrapolando o campo da Saúde Pública com demandas da proteção social. Considerando a intersecção entre pobreza, deficiência e marcos da seguridade social, examina-se a Medida Provisória 894, que prevê renda mensal vitalícia para as crianças acometidas. Com o objetivo discutir o instrumento à luz dos marcos da seguridade social no recorte da transferência de renda não condicionada para as pessoas com deficiência (PcD) no Brasil, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo mediante análise de documentos públicos e revisão de literatura. As respostas estatais não produziram impacto na insuficiência de renda porque voltaram-se inicialmente para atender à situação emergencial, recorrendo às políticas preexistentes, e culminaram na substituição entre modalidades de transferência de renda – o Benefício de Prestação Continuada para Pensão Vitalícia –, revelando fragilização da proteção social integral.
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