Pesquisa de leptospiras e de anticorpos contra leptospiras em animais e humanos de propriedades rurais nos biomas brasileiros Pantanal e Caatinga

Abstract

The occurrence of Leptospira and of seroreactivity against Leptospira was investigated in animals and humans from six farms located in two Brazilian biomes that have different geoclimatic conditions: Pantanal -municipalities of Miranda (MS), Itiquira (MT) and Poconé (MT) and Caatinga -municipalities of Sobradinho (BA), Garanhuns (PE) and Sobral (BA). Blood and urine samples of wildlife, domestic animals and humans were collected at each property. The samples were collected from February to April 2012 in Caatinga and from July to September 2012 in Pantanal. The serological reactivity against Leptospira spp. was verified by microscopic agglutination technique (MAT) made with a collection consisting by 24 antigens of Leptospira spp. The leptospires research was carried out by urine samples crop sown in Fletcher resources and Ellinghausen -McCullough -Johnson -Harris (EMJH). Crops with growth of leptospires were referred to the Leptospirosis Laboratory of the Institute of Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology, Buenos Aires, Argentina and isolated Leptospira strains were genotyped with the technique of Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA). The classification procedure employed the VNTR 4, 7, 9, 10, 19, 23, 31, LB4 and LB5, which discriminate strains of L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii. In Pantanal, 17 wildlife, 65 domestic animals and two humans were examined. In Caatinga, seven wild animals were examined, along with 100 domestic animals and 26 humans. Of 84 blood samples tested in Pantanal, 47 (55.95%) were positive and, of 133 in Caatinga, 59 (44.36%) were reactant. By Fisher's exact test, considering a 0.05 significance level, there was no difference between the proportions of serum reagent animals against Leptospira spp. in two biome reviews (p = 0.063). The predominant serovars in SAM reactions were: 1) Pantanal -Bratislava (wildlife, dogs and humans), Grippotyphosa (horses and cattle); 2) Caatinga -Copenhageni (humans and dogs), Patoc (horses and cattle), Panama (sheep and goats), Patoc, Copenhageni and Australis (wildlife). Four strains of Leptospira were isolated: two in Sobradinho, BA, L. interrogans serogroup Pomona in Cavea aperea and L. interrogans in Euphractus sexcinctus; and two in Sobral, CE, L. interrogans in Cerdocyon thous and L. interrogans serogroup Pomona in Euphractus sexcinctus.

Soropositividade para Leptospira sp. e sorogrupos predominantes em cães do Pantanal Brasileiro

“…São baixas as frequências para os sorovares supracitados, e sua ocorrência é sugestiva da presença de animais silvestres no local (Hartskeerl e Terpstra, 1996;Silva et al, 2015).…”

“…A associação entre áreas rurais e alagáveis justifica-se pela presença de hospedeiros mantenedores e pelas condições ambientais propícias para a manutenção e transmissão de leptospiras, já que o agente sobrevive mais tempo em áreas alagadas e de temperaturas elevadas (Ellis, 2015) e, nesse sentido, o Pantanal, que pertence à bacia do rio Paraguai é considerado a maior extensão úmida do planeta, sendo considerado uma imensa planície de áreas alagáveis. Além disso, a grande diversidade de mamíferos que dividem o mesmo habitat pode contribuir para a manutenção de agentes infecciosos, incluindo o gênero Leptospira (Vieira et al, 2013;Adler, 2015;Silva et al, 2015). Ademais, deve ser considerado o baixo número de cães de área urbana soropositivos, o que reforça o provável contato destes animais com animais portadores de ambiente rural.…”

Insight into the Epidemiology of Leptospirosis: A Review of Leptospira Isolations from “Unconventional” Hosts

“…True foxes, belonging to Vulpes genus, are well recognized as Leptospira reservoir, in particular Red fox (Vulpes vulpes), [73][74][75], but no isolation was performed among them. Leptospira infection was detected only by serological studies that highlighted antibodies against serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Hebdomadis, Hardjo and Grippotyphosa [76,77]. A Leptospira surveillance was never conducted on maikong (Cerdocyon thous) until 2015, when in Brazil a strain belonging to Pomona serogroup was isolated from these animals, while Bratislava, Shermani and Whitcombi was also detected by MAT [78].…”

Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Neospora caninum e anti-Leptospira spp. em gambás (Didelphis spp.) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

“…An unidentified serovar of Leptospira borgpetersenii was isolated in and Szwajzak, (SANTA ROSA et al, 1975;CORDEIRO et al, 1981;CALDAS et al, 1992;SILVA et al, 2015 …”