Perturbation mapping of water leak in buried water pipes via laboratory validation experiments with high-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR)

Lai, Wallace Wai-Lok; Chang, Ray K.W.; Sham, Janet F.C.; Kun, Pang

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.017

Cited by 75 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…A previous lab experiment with an upward pre‐drilled hole for leakage detection showed also that the reduced velocity resulted from an upward spread of the seepage water (Lai et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Field validation of water‐pipe leakage detection through spatial and time‐lapse analysis of GPR wave velocity

Cheung

Lai

2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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Detection of leakage in a buried water pipe is a crucial issue, as underground pipes become aged and these pipes are often used as pathways for aggressive chemical agents. Non‐destructive geophysical methods for identifying such underground leakages are of vital importance. Leakage detection in buried water pipes is sometimes carried out through specific acoustic methods. In this research, we have used ground‐penetrating radar as an alternative to such acoustic methods, because of the high sensitivity of electromagnetic waves to the presence of water in soil. This paper presents a methodology, illustrated by field‐scale ground‐penetrating radar experiments. Four water leakage points in a buried, ductile, iron, main‐water pipe were pre‐designed within a full‐scale (20 m long × 10 m wide) experimental set up. This facility was paved half by reinforced concrete and half by other pavement blocks. Four ground‐penetrating radar antennae with five nominal frequencies 200, 250, 400, 600 and 900 MHz were tested. Using a modified algorithm for common offset ground‐penetrating radar antennae, in this work, we measure the changes in electromagnetic wave velocity and wave reverberation, which sense upward and downward leakages, respectively. Leakages could be identified most clearly in the 600 MHz ground‐penetrating radar data. Our result suggests two potential applications in terms of detecting and defining the extent of multiple leakages in old water pipes, and testing and commissioning new pipes before and after pressurized tests.

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“…A previous lab experiment with an upward pre‐drilled hole for leakage detection showed also that the reduced velocity resulted from an upward spread of the seepage water (Lai et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Because electromagnetic waves attenuate more with increasing free‐water content, horizontal scans of GPR data have proven to be useful in locating leakages in water pipes in materials like sand and concrete (e.g., Lai et al . ; Lai et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field validation of water‐pipe leakage detection through spatial and time‐lapse analysis of GPR wave velocity

Cheung

Lai

2019

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…Below are two of the most prominent algorithms within this category. a) Ground penetrating radar: One promising sensor specific HIL-based method that has been proposed in the [15]. This method sends high frequency electro-magnetic pulses and receives back the reflected echo [15].…”

Section: ) Sensor-specificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Leak Detection Survey: Challenges & Research Opportunities Using Data Fusion & Federated Learning

et al. 2021

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With the increase in pipeline usage for fluid transportation, leak detection has become a major concern. More specifically, detecting water leaks has become a pressing challenge to both governmental and industrial stakeholders due to the financial losses it causes as well as the safety concerns associated with it. This issue is further highlighted in industrial and manufacturing environments such as the steelmaking process in which a water leak into a furnace can cause a significant explosion that would threaten both the facility and its operators. Therefore, many different water leak detection methods belonging to different types (hardware-in-the-loop-based, simulation-in-the-loop-based, or hybrid) have been proposed in the literature. However, many of these methods either are computationally complex or only suitable for particular applications. Hence, there is a need to develop innovative and novel frameworks that offer effective and efficient water leak detection mechanisms. To that end, this paper discusses two different paradigms, namely sensor data fusion and federated learning, that have the potential to further enhance water leak detection methods. Therefore, this paper first surveys the different water leak detection methods proposed in the literature along with their merits and limitations. It then describes the sensor data fusion and federated learning paradigms in more detail. Moreover, it presents different research opportunities in which these paradigms can be implemented to offer a more effective and computationally efficient water leak detection framework.

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“…Traditionally, metal detectors [3,4] and ground penetrating radar (GPR) [5][6][7] have been the primary means of locating buried pipelines. However, plastic pipes have been increasingly used in recent decades because of their low cost and low failure rates [8], which makes metal detectors inapplicable in most scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Acoustic Methods for Locating Underground Pipelines

et al. 2020

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Underground pipelines are vital means of transporting fluid resources like water, oil and gas. The process of locating buried pipelines of interest is an essential prerequisite for pipeline maintenance and repair. Acoustic pipe localization methods, as effective trenchless detection techniques, have been implemented in locating underground utilities and shown to be very promising in plastic pipeline localization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current acoustic methods and recent advances in the localization of buried pipelines. Investigations are conducted from multiple perspectives including the wave propagation mechanism in buried pipe systems, the principles behind each method along with advantages and limitations, representative acoustic locators in commercial markets, the condition of buried pipes, as well as selection of preferred methods for locating pipelines based on the applicability of existing localization techniques. In addition, the key features of each method are summarized and suggestions for future work are proposed. Acoustic methods for locating underground pipelines have proven to be useful and effective supplements to existing localization techniques. It has been highlighted that the ability of acoustic methods to locate non-metallic objects should be of particular practical value. While this paper focuses on a specific application associated with pipeline localization, many acoustic methods are feasible across a wide range of underground infrastructures.

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Perturbation mapping of water leak in buried water pipes via laboratory validation experiments with high-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR)

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

Field validation of water‐pipe leakage detection through spatial and time‐lapse analysis of GPR wave velocity

Field validation of water‐pipe leakage detection through spatial and time‐lapse analysis of GPR wave velocity

Water Leak Detection Survey: Challenges & Research Opportunities Using Data Fusion & Federated Learning

A Comprehensive Review of Acoustic Methods for Locating Underground Pipelines

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