Perspectives on measurement of denitrification in the field including recommended protocols for acetylene based methods

Tiedje, James M.; Simkins, Stephen; Groffman, Peter M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1021-8_21

Cited by 139 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Wetland sediment was bulked on a soil depth basis and 3 replicate samples from each depth were analysed for DEA using a Bunsen coefficient of 0.632 for 208C (temperature of the laboratory) to account for N 2 O in aqueous solution (Tiedje et al 1989). Sediment (5 g fresh weight) was amended with 5 mL solution containing NO 3 À (KNO 3 0.1 g/L) and glucose (0.2 g/L).…”

Section: Analytical Methods and Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrous oxide generation, denitrification, and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment

Zaman¹,

Nguyen

Gold

et al. 2008

Soil Res.

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Abstract.Little is known about seepage wetlands, located within agricultural landscapes, with respect to removing nitrate (NO 3 À ) from agricultural catchments, mainly through gaseous emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and dinitrogen (N 2 ) via denitrification. These variables were quantified using a push-pull technique where we introduced a subsurface water plume spiked with 15 N-enriched NO 3 À and 2 conservative tracers [bromide (Br À ) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )] into each of 4 piezometers and extracted the plume from the same piezometers throughout a 48-h period. To minimise advective and dispersive flux, we placed each of these push-pull piezometers within a confined lysimeter (0.5 m diameter) installed around undisturbed wetland soil and vegetation. Although minimal dilution of the subsurface water plumes occurred, NO 3 À -N concentration dropped sharply in the first 4 h following dosing, such that NO 3 À -limiting conditions (<2 mg/L of NO 3 -N) for denitrification prevailed over the final 44 h of the experiment. Mean subsurface water NO 3 À removal rates during non-limiting conditions were 15.7 mg/L.day. Denitrification (based on the generation of isotopically enriched N 2 O plus N 2 ) accounted for only 7% (1.1 mg/L.day) of the observed groundwater NO 3 À removal, suggesting that other transformation processes, such as plant uptake, were responsible for most of the NO 3 À removal. Although considerable increases in 15 N-enriched N 2 O levels were initially observed following NO 3 À dosing, no net emissions were generated over the 48-h study. Our results suggest that this wetland may be a source of N 2 O emissions when NO 3 À concentrations are elevated (non-limited), but can readily remove N 2 O (function as a N 2 O sink) when NO 3 À levels are low. These results argue for the use of engineered bypass flow designs to regulate NO 3 À loading to wetland denitrification buffers during high flow events and thus enhance retention time and the potential for NO 3 À -limiting conditions and N 2 O removal. Although this type of management may reduce the full potential for wetland NO 3 À removal, it provides a balance between water quality goals and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Section: Analytical Methods and Laboratory Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four additional sediment samples (0.05 m diam.) were taken from the same depths and analysed for denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) (Tiedje et al 1989), pH, organic matter, moisture, and NH 4 + and NO 3 À contents.…”

Section: Wetland Plant N Status and Sediment Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide generation, denitrification, and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment

Zaman¹,

Nguyen

Gold

et al. 2008

Soil Res.

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“…The rate of denitrification for the field scale stand-off pads was measured using the acetylene (C 2 H 2 )-inhibition technique (Tiedje et al 1989), using the incubation system under field conditions as described previously for soil denitrification measurements (Luo et al 2000). At each sampling date, about 200 g of composite samples from three profiles in the stand-off pads were collected, and transferred into 1 litre glass jars.…”

Section: Determination Of Denitrification Rate Under Field Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

Luo¹,

Donnison

Ross

et al. 2008

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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New Zealand farmers are increasingly using improved management systems including moving animals out of paddocks to protect wet soils from damage during winter. The cows can be held for up to 20 h a day on specially constructed unroofed outdoor stand-off pads. Afield study was undertaken to investigate excreta nitrogen (N) transformations, N and faecal bacterial transport to drainage, and denitrification N losses when Pinus radiata bark or sawdust were used as filling materials in stand-off pads. About 3 months after use only 4.0% of the N that was deposited on the bark or sawdust pad by cows had been transported to the drainage. Sim ilarly, after the 3 months of use only 9.8% of the Escherichia coli bacteria that were deposited on the bark pad had been transported to the drainage and with even less, 0.3%, leached from the sawdust pad. The sawdust pad tended to retain more Campylobacter than the bark pad. About 6 months after use, gaseous N losses due to denitrification from the sawdust or bark pad accounted for about 4.5 and 1.7% of the deposited excreta N, respectively. Denitrification activity was limited by the available nitrate in the pad materials, and decreased after cows were moved out of the pads.

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“…Constant emissions of N 2 O measured during the cold season in Quebec strongly suggest that denitrification is important at low temperatures (van Bochove et al 1996;Liang and MacKenzie 1997). Furthermore, N 2 O-N losses during winter and spring melt (under snow cover) may constitute a significant part of the annual N budget as observed by van Bochove et al (1996) in a study on an agricultural soil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These divergent results could be due to the capacity of denitrifiers to adapt to their environmental temperature or to temperature-induced shifts in the structure of the soil denitrifier community (Kaplan et al 1977;King and Nedwell 1984). Constant emissions of N 2 O measured during the cold season in Quebec strongly suggest that denitrification is important at low temperatures (van Bochove et al 1996;Liang and MacKenzie 1997). Furthermore, N 2 O-N losses during winter and spring melt (under snow cover) may constitute a significant part of the annual N budget as observed by van Bochove et al (1996) in a study on an agricultural soil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal response of denitrifiers to temperature in a Quebec cropped soil

Prévost¹,

Laliberté²,

Bochove³

1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 1999. Seasonal response of denitrifiers to temperature in a Quebec cropped soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 551-556. While some studies indicate no denitrification activity in early spring, others have demonstrated that denitrifiers from temperate region soils can adapt to low temperatures. The aim of the present paper was to study how seasonal changes in temperature affect denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) in a cropped humic gleysol located in a cold temperate climate (Quebec). Soil was sampled monthly during a 16-mo period and DEA was measured at nine temperatures from 2 to 35°C. A seasonal effect of temperature on DEA was significant at all incubation temperatures and was more important in November and in May-June. The effect of temperature on DEA was better fitted with the square root model of Ratkowsky than with the Arrhenius equation. The regression coefficient b (Ratkowsky parameter) varied seasonally with a trend similar to that of DEA. These results show that the Ratkowsky model should be used instead of Arrhenius equation to describe the effect of cold temperature on denitrification.Key words: Denitrification, temperature, cold, Arrhenius equation, Ratkowsky model Pelletier, F., Prévost, D., Laliberté, G. et van Bochove, E. 1999. Activité saisonnière des dénitrificateurs en fonction des températures dans un sol cultivé du Québec. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 551-556. Certaines études affirment que la dénitrification dans les sols est négligeable au printemps, alors que d'autres ont démontré que les dénitrificateurs des sols des régions tempérées peuvent s'adapter aux basses températures. Le but de cette étude a été de déterminer l'effet des températures saisonnières sur la dénitrification dans un gleysol humique cultivé sous un climat froid tempéré (Québec). Des échantillons de sol ont été prélevés mensuellement pendant 16 mois et l'activité de dénitrification a été mesurée à neuf températures variant de 2 à 35°C. Un effet saisonnier de température sur l'activité de dénitrification a été observé pour toutes les températures d'incubation mais a été plus important en novembre et en mai-juin. L'effet de la température sur la dénitrification a été mieux ajusté au modèle "racine carrée" de Ratkowsky qu'à l'équation d'Arrhénius. En effet, la variation saisonnière du coefficient de régression b (paramètre de Ratkowsky) a été similaire à celle de l'activité de dénitrification. Ces résultats suggèrent l'utilisation du modèle Ratkowsky pour décrire l'effet des basses températures sur la dénitrification.

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Perspectives on measurement of denitrification in the field including recommended protocols for acetylene based methods

Cited by 139 publications

References 27 publications

Nitrous oxide generation, denitrification, and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment

Nitrous oxide generation, denitrification, and nitrate removal in a seepage wetland intercepting surface and subsurface flows from a grazed dairy catchment

Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm

Seasonal response of denitrifiers to temperature in a Quebec cropped soil

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