Perspectives on Energy Storage for Flexible Electronic Systems

Abstract

The essential requirements for energy storage for feature-driven applications in flexible electronics are addressed with the goal of finding the most compelling fit between product needs, consumer safety, and the technology capabilities.ABSTRACT | If truly thin embedded and human worn flexible electronics are to become a commercial reality for wearable electronics, medical devices, and internet of things tags, effective energy storage technologies that safely and robustly match the mechanical flexibility of the overall system form factor are required. At the same time, the energy and transient power needs of functions such as wireless connectivity, information display, and high sample rate sensing must be supported. These capabilities have time-dependent power and current requirements often not captured in simple energy and capacity metrics. In this paper, a progression of energy storage approaches, challenges and learning experiences will be Manuscript

Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices

“…There has been a great effort toward fl exible and stretchable batteries for wearable and fl exible electronics applications, which has been the subject of several recent reviews. [ 116,[122][123][124][125][126] Lithium-ion chemistry is considered especially promising for portable and fl exible electronics because of its high energy density, power density, and lifetime. [ 122,127 ] Alkaline chemistries, such as silver-zinc and zinc-manganese, however, are less toxic and less reactive, allowing them to be fabricated in air and placing less stringent requirements on the encapsulation.…”

“…In these systems, a battery and supercapacitor can be used together to ensure both long-term energy demands and short-term peak current demands are met. [ 116 ] The batteries in most consumer electronic products today are charged by connecting wires to a stationary power source such as a wall outlet. For wearable medical sensors, where the user's health depends on the availability of power for the sensor, the user should not be relied on to plug in the devices, particularly since plugging in many devices can be inconvenient.…”

Dual Cation- and Anion-Based Redox Process in Lithium Titanium Oxysulfide Thin Film Cathodes for All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…[13][14][15][16][17] The latter comprise in particular a lower operating voltage (∼ 2V) more adapted to energy harvesting components and low power consumption CMOS circuits, the absence of a compulsory post-deposition annealing and a slightly higher volumetric capacity (≥ 67 µAh.cm -2 µm -1 ). Previous work achieved on thin film cathodes synthesized by sputtering of a titanium sulfide (TiS 2 ) target has already highlighted that insertion/deinsertion of lithium in the resulting amorphous materials is highly reversible in the voltage range [1][2][3] V/Li + /Li] and lead to a high volumetric capacity. 18 This work is therefore devoted to the synthesis of lithiated titanium disulfide thin films electrodes (theoretical capacity: 225 mAh g -1 , 68 µAh cm -2 µm -1 ) prepared by sputtering of a LiTiS 2 target, then to their physico-chemical characterization, and to the investigation of their electrochemical behavior in all-solid-state lithium microbatteries.…”

Freeform Compliant CMOS Electronic Systems for Internet of Everything Applications

“…From prospects of energy, wireless communications networks like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and ZigBee are ubiquitous in portable electronic systems, need 10-100s of mWs of peak power while an average power in tens of microwatts to lower mWs for low duty cycle [3]. High energy demands for the flexible electronics makes solar harvester not feasible due to area constraints, e.g.…”