Perspectives on antigen presenting cells in zebrafish

Abstract

Antigen presentation is a critical step in the activation of naïve T lymphocytes. In mammals, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and B lymphocytes can all function as antigen presenting cells (APCs). Although APCs have been identified in zebrafish, it is unclear if they fulfill similar roles in the initiation of adaptive immunity. Here we review the characterization of zebrafish macrophages, DCs, and B cells and evidence of their function as true APCs. Finally, we discuss the conservation of APC activity in vertebrates and the use of zebrafish to provide a new perspective on the evolution of these functions.

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

“…Teleost B-cells exhibit additional phagocytic and microbicidal functions not typically seen in higher vertebrates (Li et al, 2006;Øverland, Pettersen, Rønneseth, & Wergeland, 2010), and they can also function as initiating antigen-presenting cells, linking the innate and adaptive immune systems in zebrafish (Lewis, Del Cid, & Traver, 2014;Zhu et al, 2014). In teleosts, intestinal mucosal immunity is largely dependent on B-cells acting as the primary responders to perturbation, but our understanding of their origins and full spectrum of functions in maintaining gut homeostasis is still limited (see Parra, Korytář, Takizawa, & Sunyer, 2016 Immersion infection can be used for larvae beginning when the mouth first opens at around 3 dpf (Ng et al, 2005).…”

An inducible transgene reports activation of macrophages in live zebrafish larvae

“…The zebrafish model is a powerful system in which to directly observe immune cell function (Hall et al, 2013(Hall et al, , 2014Harvie and Huttenlocher, 2015;Keightley et al, 2014;Lewis et al, 2014;Torraca et al, 2014). Various transgenic reporter lines marking specific innate immune cell lineages have provided a window to explore their function within an intact host.…”

Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling, Lates calcarifer

“…Moreover, expression of MHC I molecules could be related to Cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) and long‐term immunity after infection and vaccination (Bulter, Nolz, & Harty, ; Lo, Dunn, Ong, Metcalf, & Soloski, ). The B‐lymphocytes and macrophages are antigen‐presenting cells on MHC I molecule for the activated CD8 + that initiate a lytic attack of target cells containing pathogens (Lewis, Del Cid, & Traver, ; Wherry & Masopust, ). Furthermore, a previous study had shown that the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of V. harveyi can evoke the production and activation of CD8 + with antigen‐presenting cells through MHC I in large yellow croakers, Pseudosciaena crocea (Zhang, Yu, & Qian, ).…”