Perspectives of the Development of 16S rDNA Probe Specific for Algicidal and/or Algal-lytic Gliding Bacteria

Abstract

Sequence analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) were performed on 16 strains of gliding marine bacteria isolated at the time of bloom of Skeletonema costatum in Ariake Sea. The strains were comprised of 8 strains which have capabilities to kill and lyse Skeletonema costatum, 5 strains with algicidal or algal-lytic activity and 3 strains without activity. The strains were divided into 4 clusters including 1, 2, 3, and 10 strains. Cluster A, C and D were close to Cytophaga latercula, Flex ibacter maritimus and Cytophaga marinoflava, respectively. Cluster B was close to Flavobacterium aquatile. Neither algicidal nor algal-lytic activity was restricted to any of the clusters. The strains of cluster B contained flexirubin and did not require addition of Na+ in growth peptone media.

Composition and density of bacterial biofilms determine larval settlement of the polychaete Hydroides elegans

“…Species in the genus Cytophaga are known for their production of EPS and extracellular enzymes that digest macromolecules such as cellulose and chitin (Reichenbach 1984). C. latercula has been shown to have algicidal activities (Maeda et al 1998), which might protect this biofilm bacterium from overgrowth by fouling algae. Such differences in the metabolic activities of these biofilm bacteria may provide important characters that larvae utilize as settlement cues.…”

Biology and potential biogeochemical impacts of novel predatory flavobacteria

“…Kordia algicida has been described to have a strongly algicidal effect on some diatoms and other algae in liquid [141]. At least four other types of marine flavobacteria have also shown lytic activity towards eukaryotic phytoplankton, though they have not been taxonomically characterized [82,142]. In addition, a stable-isotope probing study using 3 GAM42a-FITC probe, bottom, in green) show, from left to right, the most recently cleared zone, the interface between the expanding VCSA14A cell front and the prey lawn, and the prey lawn relatively undisturbed by VCSA14A cells.…”

“…Algal-lysis: Diverse marine flavobacteria strains have been reported to lyse eukaryotic phytoplankton, principally in studies focused on the control of species responsible for red tides [82,83,141,142]. Such a lifestyle could easily be termed predatory, assuming that growth of the algal-lytic flavobacteria is coupled to algal lysis.…”

“…Other algal-lytic strains reported but not extensively described belong to the genera Aquimarina, Flavobacterium and Tenacibaculum [142]. In contrast to the generally sediment-and animal-associated nature of cultured Tenacibaculum species, the other lineage including novel predatory members is the genus Olleya, the type species of which was isolated from suspended particles in the Southern…”

Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic study of marine Cytophaga-like bacteria: proposal for Tenacibaculum gen. nov. with Tenacibaculum maritimum comb. nov. and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum comb. nov., and description of Tenacibaculum mesophilum sp. nov. and Tenacibaculum amylolyticum sp. nov.

“…These abilities indicate that the CFB group plays an important role in carbon cycling in the marine environment. Some of these bacteria have been also reported as fish pathogens (Bernardet, 1998), algicidal and\or algal-lytic (Maeda et al, 1998), algalattached (Shiba & Taga, 1980 ;Bolinches et al, 1988) M. Suzuki and others and inducers of morphogenesis in macro-algae (Hanzawa et al, 1993 ;Nakanishi et al, 1996). These positive and negative interactions between bacteria and algae or other marine organisms are doubtless important to the marine ecosystem and also to the marine-product industry.…”