Perspective on Global Measles Epidemiology and Control and the Role of Novel Vaccination Strategies

Abstract

Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine preventable disease. Measles results in a systemic illness which causes profound immunosuppression often leading to severe complications. In 2010, the World Health Assembly declared that measles can and should be eradicated. Measles has been eliminated in the Region of the Americas, and the remaining five regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have adopted measles elimination goals. Significant progress has been made through increased global coverage of first and second doses of measles-containing vaccine, leading to a decrease in global incidence of measles, and through improved case based surveillance supported by the WHO Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network. Improved vaccine delivery methods will likely play an important role in achieving measles elimination goals as these delivery methods circumvent many of the logistic issues associated with subcutaneous injection. This review highlights the status of global measles epidemiology, novel measles vaccination strategies, and describes the pathway toward measles elimination.

A method for detecting rash and fever illness‐associated viruses using multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

“…Because some of the RFIs, namely measles, rubella and varicella are highly contagious, it is important to rapidly and accurately diagnose RFIs to prevent outbreaks in hospitals and nursery schools . However, RFIs generally have no specific symptoms, an exception being Koplik spots in measles .…”

“…For example, most infants under 2 years of age develop exanthem subitum . Other representative RFIs, such as measles and rubella, are still prevalent in many developing countries . The VZV circulates worldwide .…”

Measles Vaccination Status is Not Related To Serology Laboratory IgM Measles in Cirebon Regency

“…Previous study conclude that measles immunization status is related to IgM measles laboratory (Linnemann et al, 1973;Coughlin et al, 2017). Measles IgM in someone which was not vaccinated will have a positive (Hickman et al, 2011).…”

Riesgo de contagio de sarampion para un viajero chileno en 2017

“…La proporción de inmunes (Pv) se estimó a partir de la casuística de Chile que muestra que desde el 2000 solo se han registrado 14 casos, lo que implica una población inmune de más de 90% para cualquier valor de R 0 que se considere. En el caso del sarampión R 0 se ha estimado entre 9 y 18, con un promedio de 14 20 , valor que se usó en las simulaciones. Las tasas de recuperación y de mortalidad general se encuentran bien sustentadas con datos epidemiológicos y demográficos en Chile [15][16][17][18] .…”

“…De esta manera la proporción de vacunados debe cumplir con Pv > (1-1/R 0 ). El R 0 descrito para sarampión varía entre con un promedio de R 0 = 14 20 , por lo que la proporción de vacunados se puede estimar en Pv > (1-1/14) = 0,9281, lo que sugiere que existe una proporción máxima de susceptibles p = 1-Pv = 0,07143. La proporción de infectados (s) se basó en la incidencia reportada en diferentes partes del mundo 2 .…”