Personally measured weekly exposure to NO2 and respiratory health among preschool children

Mukala, Kristiina; Pekkanen, Juha; Tiittanen, Pekka; Alm, Sari; Salonen, R O; Tuomisto, J

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13f30.x

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result is corroborated by other panel studies in children with distinct outcomes, such as cough and respiratory symptoms. 12 In contrast, among children younger than 18 months of age, this association between exposure to NO 2 and respiratory problems was not observed. 19 Different results show that other studies need to assess the impact of NO 2 on child lung function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Efeitos da poluição do ar na função respiratória de escolares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

et al. 2009

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OBJECTIVE:To assess the association between daily exposure to air pollution and lung function in school children. METHODS:Panel study with a random sample of 118 students (between 6 and 15 years of age), enrolled in a public school of the city of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, and living within 2 km of the study site. Data on students' characteristics were obtained with a questionnaire, including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood -ISAAC. Daily peak expiratory fl ow measurements were taken to measure lung function. Daily data on PM10, SO 2 , O 3 , NO 2 and CO levels, temperature and humidity were provided by a portable monitor. Repeated measurements of lung function were associated with pollutant levels with a multilevel model adjusted for time trend, temperature, air humidity, exposure to smoking at home, presence of asthma, height, sex, weight and age of children. RESULTS:Mean peak expiratory fl ow was 243.5 l/m (sd=58.9). The lowest mean peak expiratory fl ow was 124 l/m, and the highest, 450 l/m. For the 10 μg/m³ increase in PM10, there was a 0.34 l/min decrease in mean peak fl ow on the third day. For the 10 μg/m³ increase in NO 2 , there was a decrease between 0.23 l/min and 0.28 l/min in mean peak fl ow after exposure. CO and SO 2 effects on students' peak fl ow were not statistically signifi cant. O 3 showed a protective result: an increase in 10 μg/m³ of O 3 would be associated, after a day of exposure, with a 0.2 l/min increase in mean lung function. CONCLUSIONS:Even within acceptable levels most of the time, air pollution, especially PM10 and NO 2 , was associated with a decrease in lung function in children living in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Efeitos da poluição do ar na função respiratória de escolares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

et al. 2009

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“…In Helsinki, nasal congestion occurred on more days among children living in central than in suburban areas, and was related to their personal exposure to NO 2 , attributed to proximity of automobile traffic. 30 A study of volunteers found that the most prominent symptoms during exposure to diesel exhaust were irritation of the eyes and nose and an unpleasant smell. 31 These reports accord with the findings of the present study, where the greatest net improvement in the health of residents of the congested streets was in terms of rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on respiratory health of a reduction in air pollution from vehicle exhaust emissions

Burr

Karani²,

Davies³

et al. 2004

Occup Environ Med

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Aims: To determine whether residents of congested streets have a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms than residents of nearby uncongested streets, and whether their respiratory health improves following a reduction in exposure to traffic related air pollutants. Methods: An area was identified where certain streets were subject to air pollution from heavy road traffic, which was likely to improve following the construction of a by-pass. A respiratory survey was conducted among the residents, together with the residents of nearby uncongested streets, at baseline and again a year after the by-pass opened. Measurements were made of air pollutant concentrations in both areas on both occasions. Results: Initial concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were substantially higher in the congested than in the uncongested streets. When the by-pass opened, the volume of heavy goods traffic fell by nearly 50%. PM 10 decreased by 23% (8.0 mg/m 3 ) in the congested streets and by 29% (3.4 mg/m 3 ) in the uncongested streets, with similar proportionate falls in PM 2.5 . There were no clear or consistent differences between the residents of the two areas initially in terms of symptoms or peak flow variability. Repeat questionnaires were obtained from 165 and 283 subjects in the congested and uncongested areas respectively, and showed a tendency for most symptoms to improve in both areas. For chest symptoms, the improvement tended to be greater in the uncongested area, although the difference between the areas was not statistically significant. Rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis tended to improve to a greater extent in the congested streets; the difference between the areas was significant for the degree to which rhinitis interfered with daily activities. Peak flow variability tended to improve in the uncongested area. Conclusions: The by-pass reduced pollutant levels to a degree that probably alleviates rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis but has little effect on lower respiratory symptoms.

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“…There was no significant difference in the sociodemographic characteristics between those children included in or those excluded from final analyses, except smoking at home in the central area. 34 We used the 25th and 75th percentiles of the exposure distribution as cutpoints for each of the four exposure assessment methods to estimate NO2 exposure. Other categorizations were also tested, but the conclusions from these analyses remained consistent with those presented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Assessment and Cough among Preschool Children

Mukala¹,

S²,

Tiittanen³

et al. 2000

Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal

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The association between exposure to ambient air nitrogen dioxide and cough was evaluated in a panel study among 162 children aged 3-6 y. The weekly average nitrogen dioxide exposure was assessed with Palmes-tube measurements in three ways: (1) personally, (2) outside day-care centers, and (3) inside day-care centers. Ambient air nitrogen dioxide concentrations were obtained from the local network that monitored air quality. The parents recorded cough episodes daily in a diary. The risk of cough increased significantly (relative risk = 3.63; 95% confidence interval = 1.41, 9.30) in the highest personal nitrogen dioxide exposure category in winter, and a nonsignificant positive trend was noted for the other assessment groups. In spring, risk increased nonsignificantly in all exposure-assessment groups, except for the fixed-site monitoring assessment. It is important that investigators select an exposure-assessment method sufficiently accurate to reflect the effective pollutant dose in subjects.

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Personally measured weekly exposure to NO2 and respiratory health among preschool children

Cited by 22 publications

References 24 publications

Efeitos da poluição do ar na função respiratória de escolares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Efeitos da poluição do ar na função respiratória de escolares, Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Effects on respiratory health of a reduction in air pollution from vehicle exhaust emissions

Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure Assessment and Cough among Preschool Children

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