Personalized Cancer Vaccines: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities

Shemesh, Colby S.; Hsu, Joy C.; Hosseini, Iraj; Shen, Ben-Quan; Rotte, Anand; Twomey, Patrick; Girish, Sandhya; Wu, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.038

Cited by 170 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Individualized cancer vaccines can work alone or in combination with other therapies to increase the strength and durability of the anti-tumor effect, improve survival and quality of life, and ultimately improve the outcome of cancer treatment for patients (72). The feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of individualized cancer vaccine in the treatment of cancer patients determine that it will be an important development trend in the future (15). It is expected that individualized cancer vaccines will enable most patients to obtain precise treatment in the foreseeable future.…”

Section: Classification Of Neoantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in the past five years have shown that neoantigens play a key role in tumor immunotherapy. The identification, screening and identification of neoantigens accelerate the development of personalized immunotherapy for tumor patients, which will benefit more patients (15). As more scientific and clinical data reveal the remarkable effects of neoantigen-based vaccine therapies in a variety of cancer types, there is ample reason to believe that neoantigen-based therapies will be a promising area of cancer immunotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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Cancer immunotherapy works by stimulating and strengthening the body’s anti-tumor immune response to eliminate cancer cells. Over the past few decades, immunotherapy has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of cancer, particularly the success of immune checkpoint blockade targeting CTLA-4, PD-1 and PDL1, which has led to a breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy. Tumor neoantigens, a new approach to tumor immunotherapy, include antigens produced by tumor viruses integrated into the genome and antigens produced by mutant proteins, which are abundantly expressed only in tumor cells and have strong immunogenicity and tumor heterogeneity. A growing number of studies have highlighted the relationship between neoantigens and T cells’ recognition of cancer cells. Vaccines developed against neoantigens are now being used in clinical trials in various solid tumors. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in the classification of immunotherapy and the process of classification, identification and synthesis of tumor-specific neoantigens, as well as their role in current cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the application prospects and existing problems of neoantigens were discussed.

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Section: Classification Of Neoantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoantigen: A New Breakthrough in Tumor Immunotherapy

et al. 2021

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“…With the dose increasing, the immune response is intensified and the occurrence of immune related adverse events also elevate. The key point is to find the balance between efficacy and safety (82)(83)(84)(85)(86)(87). Owing to lack of more clinical data, further studies about dose and administrating route are urgently required (64).…”

Section: Main Considerations Relating To Therapeutic Combinatory Regimenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of Personalized Cancer Vaccines in Combination With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment

Liao

Zhang

2021

Front. Oncol.

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Cancer immunotherapy can induce sustained responses in patients with cancers in a broad range of tissues, however, these treatments require the optimized combined therapeutic strategies. Despite immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have lasting clinical benefit, researchers are trying to combine them with other treatment modalities, and among them the combination with personalized cancer vaccines is attractive. Neoantigens, arising from mutations in cancer cells, can elicit strong immune response without central tolerance and out-target effects, which is a truly personalized method. Growing studies show that the combination can elevate the antitumor efficacy with acceptable safety and minimal additional toxicity compared with single agent vaccine or ICI. Herein, we have searched these preclinical and clinical trials and summarized safety and efficacy of personalized cancer vaccines combined with ICIs in several malignancies. Meanwhile, we discuss the rationale of the combination and future challenges.

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“…Tumor vaccine enhances immunogenicity and activates the immune system of the patient, thus controlling or eliminating tumors (26). DNA vaccine, a universal and personalized cancer treatment containing multiple new antigen coding sequences, is ideal for new antigen vaccination (27).…”

Section: Combination Of Cancer Vaccine With Pd-1/pd-l1 Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%