Personality traits of the alternative DSM-5 model and the attachment dimensions in Portuguese adults

Rosa-Mendes, Marco; Pires, Rute; Ferreira, Ana Sousa

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.007

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…"From the viewpoint of the position adopted, adult personality is seen as a product of an individual's interactions with key figures during all his years of immaturity, especially of his interactions with attachment figures." (Bowlby, 1973, p. 208) Although usually attachment theorists do not define personality explicitly, they recognize the strict relationship between attachment and personality, which have appeared evident since the foundation of the theory and have been confirmed by numerous studies (Bowlby, 1969(Bowlby, /1982(Bowlby, , 1973(Bowlby, , 1980Guidano, 1987Guidano, , 1991Noftle and Shaver, 2006;Guidano, 2007;Chopik et al, 2013;Levy et al, 2015;Mikulincer and Shaver, 2016;Karterud and Kongerslev, 2019;Rosa-Mendes et al, 2019;Young et al, 2019). Such relationship is so tight that attachment styles are often implicitly taken as being themselves personality characteristics (Bowlby, 1973;Mikulincer and Shaver, 2012).…”

Section: Attachment-knowledge and Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Our Caregivers Shape Who We Are: The Seven Dimensions of Attachment at the Core of Personality

Gagliardi

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Psychology defines personality as the stable traits of an individual, and cognitive research suggests that a set of core beliefs is at the root of these traits. From this perspective, two major questions remain unanswered: (1) What are the core beliefs that make up personality? (2) How are they acquired? An interesting answer is provided by attachment theory, according to which attachment is at the basis of personality. The current theoretical formulation, however, does not sufficiently clarify the relationship between the two. Adopting a cognitive-clinical approach, we put forward a novel version of attachment theory, arguing that it can better account for the relationship between attachment and personality, thereby providing more convincing answers to questions (1) and (2). In particular, we propose that: (A) attachment information is acquired over seven dimensions; (B) the acquisition of each dimension is induced by a specific caregiving feature and (C) realized through a specific acquisition mechanism – imprinting. In a nutshell, we propose an Attachment-Personality Model (APM) according to which seven attachment dimensions constitute the knowledge core of personality. We finally discuss the significant implications of the model, especially its clinical application in terms of conception, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. The model can be empirically tested, and we suggest three ways to do that.

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Section: Attachment-knowledge and Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Our Caregivers Shape Who We Are: The Seven Dimensions of Attachment at the Core of Personality

Gagliardi

2021

Front. Psychol.

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“…These models produced estimates for the coefficients but not p values. Recall, this procedure uses a shrinking mechanism to lower the dimensionality by zeroing out some of the less important parameters, while accounting for collinearity (Helwig, 2017; Rosa‐Mendes et al, 2019; Sexton et al, 2019). Specifically, a 10‐folded cross‐validation was conducted to evaluate the generalizability of method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A binomial regression identified that Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance account for less than half of the variance in the DSM-5 pathological trait domains (Brennan et al, 1998;Fossati et al, 2015). Both the Fossati et al (2015) and Rosa-Mendes et al (2019) studies lend empirical support to a relationship between Criterion B and attachment. Sexton et al (2019) demonstrated that Criterion A and Criterion B interact in meaningful ways to predict relational satisfaction.…”

Section: Trait Domains and Levels Of Personality Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple regression identified that both adaptive and pathological PID‐5 trait scales were significantly predicted by attachment styles. Rosa‐Mendes et al (2019) also considered the relationship between personality traits and attachment but narrowed their focus to those that define Criterion B of the AMPD. The PID‐5 and the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire were administered to 106 Portuguese adults (Brennan et al, 1998; Krueger et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the relationship between personality pathology and attachment style in the context of the DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders

Pad

Okut

Zackula

et al. 2021

Personality & Mental Health

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This study utilizes the two different criteria of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder Assessment to evaluate the relationship between attachment style and personality pathology. One-hundred forty patients from a combined sample of psychiatric and internal medicine clinics were given a survey composed of the DSM-5 Levels of Personality Functioning Questionnaire (DLOPFQ), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ). Analysis of variance indicated that attachment styles were differentiated across all four the DLOPFQ scales and the Detachment trait domain. Elastic net regression modeling with bootstrap was used to assess the strength of the level of personality functioning dimensions and trait domains in the prediction of attachment style, both independently and interactively while accounting for multicollinearity. This study offers readers insight to a novel statistical approach to model building that addresses two issues among psychiatric data: high correlation and small sample size.

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“…Insecure attachment and personality pathology find greater expression in clinical versus healthy samples (Behrend et al, 2011;Brennan & Shaver, 1998;Nestadt et al, 1994;Vall et al, 2015) and clinical distress may moderate the associations between PDs and attachment (Smith & South, 2020). Aggressive and impulsigenic traits (which are higher in men; Cross et al, 2011) are also more strongly associated with avoidant attachment in men (Rosa-Mendes et al, 2019), suggesting that the covariation of attachment and PDs may be based on more than their phenomenological similarity, and may actually be socialized differently from childhood (Ahmetoglu et al, 2018). Future empirical efforts to validate a common framework of attachment and PDs should seek to investigate systematic differences as a function of gender and level of distress.…”

Section: Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Call to arms: Research directions to substantiate a unified model of attachment and personality pathology

Smith

South

2021

Social & Personality Psych

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Personality pathology and adult attachment are "made of the same stuff" (Meyer & Pilkonis, 2005). They share crucial phenomenological features, etiologies, and genetic bases; however, these shared features have not been appropriately represented in empirical literature as reflective of a common dysfunction. Continuing to conceptualize attachment and personality pathology as separable constructs shackles clinical efforts, particularly with regard to identifying persons and relationships that may be most prone to interpersonal problems. In the current review, we argue that adult attachment and personality pathology may indeed be iterations of the same underlying dysfunction, and that empirical work conducted to date has been insufficient in this characterization. We also argue that to accurately represent the nature of attachment and personality pathology, the empirical integration of interpersonal dysfunction must be conducted across nosologies, demographic groups, and time. We support our arguments using empirical, theoretical, and clinical material that demonstrates the unity of attachment and personality disorders.

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Personality traits of the alternative DSM-5 model and the attachment dimensions in Portuguese adults

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

How Our Caregivers Shape Who We Are: The Seven Dimensions of Attachment at the Core of Personality

How Our Caregivers Shape Who We Are: The Seven Dimensions of Attachment at the Core of Personality

Understanding the relationship between personality pathology and attachment style in the context of the DSM‐5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders

Call to arms: Research directions to substantiate a unified model of attachment and personality pathology

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