Personality traits and preventive cancer screenings in the Health Retirement Study

Aschwanden, Damaris; Gerend, Mary A.; Luchetti, Martina; Stéphan, Yannick; Sutin, Angelina R.; Terracciano, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105763

Cited by 31 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Only two studies found an association between conscientiousness and HCU. This is somewhat surprising because conscientiousness is positively associated with health-promotion behavior [ 28 ] and preventive cancer screening [ 29 ], and negatively associated with accidents [ 30 ]. Future research is required to shed light on the underlying mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

2020

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Background: Thus far, there is a lack of a systematic review synthesizing empirical studies that analyze the link between personality factors and healthcare use (HCU) or costs. Consequently, the purpose of our systematic review is to give an overview of empirical findings from observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU or costs. Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, and NHS EED (NHS Economic Evaluation Database) were searched. Observational studies examining the association between personality factors and HCU costs by using validated tools were included. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction and evaluated the study quality. Findings were synthesized qualitatively. Results: In total, n = 15 studies (HCU, n = 14; cost studies, n = 1) were included in the final synthesis. A few studies point to an association between conscientiousness and HCU (with mixed evidence). Some more evidence was found for an association between higher agreeableness, higher extraversion, and higher openness to experience and increased HCU. The majority of studies analyzed found a link between higher neuroticism and increased HCU. Conclusion: Personality factors, and particularly neuroticism, are associated with HCU. This knowledge is important to manage healthcare use. However, future research based on longitudinal data and studies investigating the link between personality characteristics and costs are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

2020

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“…Moreover, no studies were excluded because they used an invalid tool to assess personality or cancer screening. In total, n = 11 studies were included in our final synthesis (total number of observations: n = 338,091) [20,21,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. The quality assessment of included studies is described in Table 2.…”

Section: Overview: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, several studies have shown an association between personality characteristics (i.e., big five personality traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience [19]) and the use of cancer screenings [20,21]. While it should be acknowledged that additional models are present [22], most commonly the personality factors are divided into the aforementioned big five traits [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review

2020

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Background No systematic review exists synthesizing studies examining the association between personality factors and use of cancer screenings. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of empirical findings from observational studies investigating the link between personality factors (in terms of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness to experience) and use of cancer screenings. Methods Medline, PsycInfo and CINAHL were searched using predefined search terms. Observational studies examining the link between personality factors and use of cancer screenings using validated tools were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers. Results In total, n = 11 studies were included in our systematic review. There is mostly inconclusive evidence regarding the link between agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience and the use of cancer screenings. Clearer evidence was identified for an association between increased extraversion and an increased use of cancer screenings. Moreover, the majority of studies identified a link between increased conscientiousness and an increased use of cancer screenings. Discussion Studies indicate that personality factors, particularly an increased extraversion and increased conscientiousness, are associated with an increased use of cancer screenings. This knowledge may be beneficial to address individuals at risk for underuse. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020176830

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“…Personality might also be related to the adoption of risky health behaviours, such as smoking, not attending cancer screenings, or even not adhering to oncological and other medical treatments ( Aschwanden et al., 2019 ; Jokela et al., 2014 ). Some personal characteristics as extraversion, for instance, may lead to optimistic expectations and confidence in the benefits derived from cancer screenings ( Neeme et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of neuroticism and extraversion in the emotional health of people with cancer

Macía

Gorbeña

Gomez

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The impact that cancer disease can have on individuals varies depending, among other things, on their personal characteristics, so it is important to explore aspects such as the personality traits in relation to mental health in people with cancer. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion and mental health in people with cancer. Besides, this study also explored differences in mental health when combining extraversion and neuroticism levels. One hundred and seventy people who had been diagnosed with different types of cancer (breast cancer, lung, colon, gynaecological cancer and others) composed the sample. Almost all of them (92.9%) had received oncological treatment. The GHQ-12 scale was used to assess the mental health and the 60-item NEO Five-Factor Inventory was applied in order to measure neuroticism and extraversion in participants. A hierarchic lineal regression model was conducted. Neuroticism and extraversion did not show any interaction effect, although a partial mediation was observed in relation to mental health outcomes. Given the significant correlation between neuroticism and extraversion with mental health ( r = .59, p < .001; r = −.41, p < .001), both personality traits were combined, resulting in a classification of four different personality profiles ( F (4;165) = 19.85; p < .001). Results in this study have shown that low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion are related to positive health outcomes. They seem to be protective factors with respect to the mental health in people with cancer. The knowledge of the positive effects of these aspects contributes to the comprehension of mental health in the oncological sample, which should be considered in order to design and guide particular therapeutic interventions adapted to each person.

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Personality traits and preventive cancer screenings in the Health Retirement Study

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

Personality, Healthcare Use and Costs—A Systematic Review

Personality and the use of cancer screenings. A systematic review

Role of neuroticism and extraversion in the emotional health of people with cancer

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