Personality Profiles of American Presidents as Revealed in Their Public Statements: The Presidential News Conferences of Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan

Weintraub, Walter

doi:10.2307/3791126

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The data in Table 4 was therefore evaluated for changes in Hussein's levels of anger and anxiety as the best overt indicators of these underlying processes. Weintraub (1986) identified several parts of speech that were associated with anger in his clinical populations. Negatives include words of negation such as "no," "not," and "never."…”

Section: Research Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Saddam Hussein: Political Psychological Profiling Results Relevant to His Possession, Use, and Possible Transfer of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) to Terrorist Groups

Shaw

2003

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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Saddam Hussein during the 1990 Gulf Crisis to many of the recent questions about Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) policies and intentions that were pivotal to the decision to wage war in Iraq. Content analysis of Hussein's verbal comments prior to the invasion of Kuwait and after the introduction of coalition forces intoSaudi Arabia were used to assess his psychological state, political attitudes, and decision-making processes under stress. The findings were then applied to the recent issues of Iraqi WMD possession, use, and possible transfer to terrorist groups. The results of this political psychological assessment of Hussein indicated that prior to his removal by coalition forces it was extremely unlikely that he had significantly reduced what he perceived to be Iraq's WMD capabilities. Analysis of Hussein's political psychology, sensitivity to threats, propensity for violent reactions, and tendency to miscalculate indicated that he had a very low threshold for WMD use and may not have waited to be attacked before using these weapons. The results also indicated that the same characteristics that made Hussein an extremely likely candidate for WMD use made it unlikely that he would transfer WMD assets to a terrorist group not under his direct control. Although examination of Hussein's decision making under stress indicated that the invasion would increase the likelihood of Iraqi WMD use, it was not seen as increasing the odds of Iraqi transfer of WMD to terrorist groups. However, the results also indicated the potential for Hussein to suffer from a significant series of cognitive biases with direct impact on his decision making regarding WMD, as well as his ability to use these weapons. Support was also noted for his potential to experience gaps in reality testing and immobilizing anxiety should the military struggle turn desperate for Iraq and for him personally. The implications for the characterization of leaders likely to use WMD were also examined.

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Section: Research Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The five interviews published in the Foreign Broadcast Information Service publication on Iraq were coded according to criteria described by Weintraub (1986Weintraub ( , 1989 and Hermann (1980) by a research associate trained in these methods. The results for the Weintraub measures are displayed in Table 4.…”

Section: Research Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saddam Hussein: Political Psychological Profiling Results Relevant to His Possession, Use, and Possible Transfer of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) to Terrorist Groups

Shaw

2003

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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“…Downloaded by [Nanyang Technological University] at 01:01 27 August 2015 Schafer and Crichlow (1996: 420 Two broad strategies are generally used in selecting material to be coded. Some researchers (Winter et al, 1991;Walker, Schafer and Young, 1998;Tetlock, 1984) use prepared speeches while others rely on spontaneous comments in the form of press conferences or interviews (Hermann, 1974(Hermann, , 1980(Hermann, ,1984Weintraub, 1986;Winter et al, 1991). I believe that using prepared speeches is most appropriate for constructs that are heavily dependent upon context and situation, where such comments demonstrate role conceptions and formally derived position statements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The coding decisions for the study by Herek, Janis and Huth are presented in Table II. I developed several criteria and decision rules for gathering data on the personality variables. Following in the tradition of linguistic analysis (see Hermann, 1974Hermann, , 1980Hermann, , 1983Hermann, , 1984Hermann, , 1987Suedfeld and Tetlock, 1977;Tetlock, 1981Tetlock, , 1983Tetlock, , 1984Walker, Schafer and Young, 1998;Weintraub, 1986;Winter, , 1993Winter and Stewart, 1977), all of the operationalized personality variables in this study are measured from a distance and require use of text material. That is, I infer trait information about a president based on linguistic patterns from publicly-made comments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining groupthink: Do the psychological characteristics of the leader matter?

Schäfer

1999

International Interactions

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“…While its variables are derived, in part, from content analysis approaches to leadership analysis (Hermann, 1980;Shaw, 2003;Weintraub, 1986;Winter, Hermann, Weintraub, and Walker, 1991), personality, and threat assessment (Shaw, 2006), it has mainly been used to:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Often Is Employee Anger An Insider Risk II? Detecting and Measuring Negative Sentiment versus Insider Risk in Digital Communications–Comparison between Human Raters and Psycholinguistic Software

Shaw¹,

Payri²,

Cohn³

et al. 2013

JDFSL

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This research uses two recently introduced observer rating scales, (Shaw et al., 2013) for the identification and measurement of negative sentiment (the Scale for Negativity in Text or SNIT) and insider risk (Scale of Indicators of Risk in Digital Communication or SIRDC) in communications to test the performance of psycholinguistic software designed to detect indicators of these risk factors. The psycholinguistic software program, WarmTouch (WT), previously used for investigations, appeared to be an effective means for locating communications scored High or Medium in negative sentiment by the SNIT or High in insider risk by the SIRDC within a randomly selected sample from the Enron archive. WT proved less effective in locating emails Low in negative sentiment on the SNIT and Low in insider risk on the SIRDC. However, WT performed extremely well in identifying communications from actual insiders randomly selected from case files and inserted in this email sample. In addition, it appeared that WT's measure of perceived Victimization was a significant supplement to using negative sentiment alone, when it came to searching for actual insiders. Previous findings ( Shaw et al., 2013) indicate that this relative weakness in identifying low levels of negative sentiment may not impair WT's usefulness for identifying communications containing Forensics, Security and Law, Vol. 8(2) 74 significant indications of insider risk because of the very low base rate and low severity of insider risk at Low levels of negative sentiment (Shaw et al., 2013). Although many of the "false positives" acquired in the successful search for actual insiders in this experiment were shown to be true positives for other forms of insider risk, WT still produced fairly high rates of false positives that could burden analysts, as described by the search times provided. As further research and development proceeds to address this problem, we again recommend the use of WT in an integrated multi-disciplinary array of detection methods that will serve as an initial screen to narrow the search for individuals at-risk for insider activities. The implications for insider threat research, detection and prevention are discussed. Journal of Digital

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Personality Profiles of American Presidents as Revealed in Their Public Statements: The Presidential News Conferences of Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Saddam Hussein: Political Psychological Profiling Results Relevant to His Possession, Use, and Possible Transfer of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) to Terrorist Groups

Saddam Hussein: Political Psychological Profiling Results Relevant to His Possession, Use, and Possible Transfer of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) to Terrorist Groups

Explaining groupthink: Do the psychological characteristics of the leader matter?

How Often Is Employee Anger An Insider Risk II? Detecting and Measuring Negative Sentiment versus Insider Risk in Digital Communications–Comparison between Human Raters and Psycholinguistic Software

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