Personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form(PID-5-BF) in Chinese students and patients: evaluating the five-factor model and a culturally informed six-factor model

Abstract

Background The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) is a 25-item measuring tool evaluating maladaptive personality traits for the diagnosis of personality disorders(PDs). As a promising scale, its impressive psychometric properties have been verified in some countries, however, there have been no studies about the utility of the PID-5-BF in Chinese settings. The current study aimed to explore the maladaptive personality factor model which was culturally adapted to China and to examine psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF among Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients. Methods Seven thousand one hundred fifty-five undergraduate students and 451 clinical patients completed the Chinese version of the PID-5-BF. Two hundered twenty-eight students were chosen randomly for test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to discover the most suitable factor structure in China, measurement invariance(MI), internal consistency, and external validity were also calculated. Results The theoretical five-factor model was acceptable, but the exploratory six-factor model was more applicable in both samples (Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.039; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.886, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.060). In the Chinese six-factor model, the Negative Affect domain was divided into two factors and the new factor was named “Interpersonal Relationships”, which was in line with the Big-Six Personality model in Chinese. Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical sample was established (configural, weak, strong MI, and partial strict MI). Aside from acceptable internal consistency (Undergraduate sample: alpha = 0.84, MIC = 0.21; Clinical sample: alpha = 0.86, MIC = 0.19) and test-retest reliability(0.73), the correlation between the 25-item PID-5-BF and the 220-item PID-5 was significant(p < 0.01). The six PDs measured by Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were associated with and predicted by expected domains of PID-5-BF. Conclusions Both the theoretical five-factor model and the exploratory six-factor model of the PID-5-BF were acceptable to the Chinese population. The five-factor model could allow for comparison and integration with other work on the original theoretical model. However, the Chinese six-factor structure may be more culturally informed in East Asian settings. In sum, the PID-5-BF is a convenient and useful screening tool for personality disorders.

Psychometric Properties of The Persian Version of Short-Form Five Factor Borderline Inventory (FFBI-SF)

“…For instance, the originally proposed ve-factor model of the personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form (PID-5-BF; 31) was not replicated with Chinese samples, and a six-factor model was proposed in which the Negative Affect domain was divided into two factors. The new factor labeled "Interpersonal Relationships" was consistent with the Big-Six Personality model in China and re ected the humanistic ethic spirit of Chinese culture (32)(33)(34). Similarly, the FFM did not reach a well-t model in some Asian countries (e.g., 35,36,37), and the Openness dimension of the NEO Personality Inventory was poorly replicated in a study with 24 different Asian cultures, including Iran (38).…”

Pre-existing Psychiatric Morbidity Is Strongly Associated to Takotsubo Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

“…Several instruments were used to assess the psychological and psychopathological profile of TTS and ACS patients, including: the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), performed to evaluate individual tendencies to reappraise and to suppress the expression of emotions ( 18 ); the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), used to measure stress coping ability and stress reactions ( 19 ); the DS-14, a measure of negative affectivity and social inhibition, typical features of Type D personality ( 20 ); the PID-5, a useful screening tool for personality disorders ( 21 ); the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), a short structured diagnostic interview administered to diagnose the most frequent mental disorders ( 22 ) in a revised Italian version according to the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria; the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), a questionnaire to identify major stressful life events ( 23 ).…”

Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in Iranian Student and Clinical Samples

“…Similarly, Zhang et al (17) found a six-factor model for the structure of the PID-5-BF, which was more applicable than the ve-factor model. In the new six-factor model, the Negative Affect domain was divided into two factors with the new factor, namely "Interpersonal Relationships," which was in line with the Big-Six Personality model in China, re ecting the humanistic ethic spirit of Chinese culture (19)(20)(21). Since the ve-factor model of the PID-5-BF was developed from studies with Western samples, maybe cultural variations underlie different factor structure ndings in the Western and Eastern cultures.…”