Personality Disorders in the Indian Culture: Reconsidering Self-Perceptions, Traditional Society and Values

Narayanan, Gitanjali; Rao, K. Ramakrishna

doi:10.1007/s12646-017-0437-3

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Only three studies specified using a dimensional measurement to assess “personality disorder” related traits [ 68 – 70 ]. Two studies included general population participants as control groups [ 71 , 72 ] and one study included therapists and relatives’ perceptions [ 70 ]. Most studies used interviews or semi-structured interviews ( n = 34) to collect data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, they described “falling short” in comparison to others which created a sense of disconnectedness. “I just rate them against me and I have never met anyone that I was equal to or better than, no matter what … even if it was a bum on the street” (interviewee from an American sample with a diagnosis of “EUPD”) [ 75 ] In an Indian [ 71 ], Norwegian [ 73 ], Swedish [ 76 ], American [ 75 ] and four UK samples [ 36 , 42 , 77 , 78 ] participants with a “personality disorder” diagnosis often described disconnection and loneliness experiences in association with feeling misunderstood by everyone, invisible, and a burden on others. People with a diagnosis of “AVPD” and “EUPD” particularly expressed that they felt as if they were not known or seen by others.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The experience of loneliness among people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or traits: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Ikhtabi¹,

Pitman

Toh³

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Loneliness is prevalent among people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or who have related personality traits, but the experience of loneliness among people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits has not been well described. A qualitative approach has potential to help understand the experience of loneliness among people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits, and to develop interventions that promote recovery. We therefore aimed to synthesise the qualitative literature relevant to this topic. Method We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies exploring the subjective experience of loneliness as reported by people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits. We searched four databases using pre-formulated search terms, selected eligible articles, appraised the quality of each, and analyzed data from eligible studies using thematic synthesis. Result We identified 39 articles that described the experience of loneliness in people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits. From extracted data, we identified seven themes: (1) disconnection and emptiness: a “haunting alienation”, (2) alienation arising from childhood experiences, (3) thwarted desire for closeness and connection, (4) paradox: for both closeness and distance, (5) experiences of existential loneliness, (6) recovery, embedded in a social world, and (7) group therapy: a setback. Our results suggest that for our sample early alienating and traumatic experiences may pave the way for experiences of loneliness, which further exacerbate “personality disorder” symptoms and distress. Conclusion Despite describing a need to belong and efforts to cope with unmet social needs, people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits (particularly “emotionally unstable personality disorder”) report experiencing an intense disconnection from other people. This seems rooted in early adversities, reinforced by later traumatic experiences. Given the apparent salience of loneliness to people with “personality disorder” diagnoses/traits, interventions focused on helping people connect with others, which may include both psychological and social components, have potential to be beneficial in reducing loneliness and promoting recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experience of loneliness among people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or traits: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Ikhtabi¹,

Pitman

Toh³

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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“…The clinical population in India encountered a major problem as reported in this study was the family attitude, which served as a major barrier in seeking therapy or professional help. Narayanan and Rao (2018) also illustrated that the family acted as both a source of stress and abuse as well as support. Another case, reported as a letter to the editor, described a female patient having WattsApp (a popular smartphone messenger application) addiction and BPD.…”

Section: Researches On Bpd In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture and Borderline Personality Disorder in India

Choudhary

Gupta

2020

Front. Psychol.

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“…Even the traditional Indian approach promotes reconciling various views. For instance, both nonattachment and working for social-welfare have been emphasised simultaneously and such ability to integrate different values and harmonise diversity contributes to mental health (Narayanan and Rao 2018). In order to maintain social harmony, norms in Indian society discourage higher level of ego (Kakar 1982) and therefore, in current sample of community adults, only moderate levels of ahamkara were indicated (total AQ and sub-scale scores).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…For instance, both non‐attachment and working for social welfare have been emphasised simultaneously in the Bhagawad Gita (Mulla and Krishnan 2014). Moreover, such an ability to integrate different values and harmonise diversity contributes to mental health (Narayanan and Rao 2018). To maintain social harmony, norms in Indian society discourage a higher level of ego (Kakar 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ahamkara: A study on the Indian model of self and identity

Gupta¹,

Agrawal²

2021

Int Social Sci J

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Ideas around self and identity are at the core of various reflective traditions in both East and West. In the psychological literature, they have multiple meanings. However, they usually reflect the idea of self-sameness across changing time. The current study aimed to explore various ways in which contemporary Indians define their 'self' and if there were any parallel between modern and traditional construal of self. An open-ended Twenty Statements Test (TST) was used along with a quantitative measure Ahamkara Questionnaire (AQ) based on an Indian model of self, known as 'ahamkara'. A sample of 240 educated, adults (Females=104, Males= 136; Mean age= 38.17 years, SD=11.45 years; range 20-60 years) were purposively selected from an urban area of North India and recruited in this mixed-method, cross-sectional research study. Thematic analysis of TST responses uncovered five broad thematic categories in self-concepts: Individuality, Belongingness, Separation, Agency and Spiritual/Transpersonal. Four of them overlapped with sub-components of 'ahamkara'. They also differed with age where Spiritual/Transpersonal theme was frequent in self-concepts of older samples. Quantitative results from AQ also indicated that the level of ahamkara significantly differed with age and gender. These findings have implications for mental health and developing interventions utilising Indian conception of self.

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Personality Disorders in the Indian Culture: Reconsidering Self-Perceptions, Traditional Society and Values

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The experience of loneliness among people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or traits: a qualitative meta-synthesis

The experience of loneliness among people with a “personality disorder” diagnosis or traits: a qualitative meta-synthesis

Culture and Borderline Personality Disorder in India

Ahamkara: A study on the Indian model of self and identity

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