The aims of the present study were to determine the body composition and to assess the nutritional status on the basis of body composition parameters in Nepalese children. Body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) of 1,988 (1,016 boys and 972 girls) Nepalese children aged 6 to 10 years were calculated from triceps and subscapular skinfolds. FM and FFM were then divided by height-squared in meter to determine the fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI), respectively. Growth curves of BF% and FFM for Nepalese children remained at a low level compared to international data. BF%, FM, and FMI of Nepalese girls were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than Nepalese boys, whereas FFM and FFMI of Nepalese boys were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than Nepalese girls of all age groups. BF%, FM, and FFM were significantly correlated with almost all anthropometric parameters in both sexes. Growth curves of BF% and FFM showed that the undernutrition prevailed in Nepalese children. BF% and FFM were good indicators for measuring nutritional status in Nepalese children. Sexual dimorphism of fat patterning was present in Nepalese children.

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Atomic polarizability is an essential theoretical construct to define and correlate many physicochemical properties. It exhibits periodicity and has a relationship with other periodic descriptors. Although a number of scales are available to compute atomic polarizability, the final scale is yet to be designed. In this venture, we have invoked a new empirical approach to compute the atomic polarizability of 103 elements of the periodic table, considering the conjoint action of other periodic descriptors, namely effective nuclear charge (Zeff) and absolute radii (r). The proposed approach is [Formula: see text], where “e” represents the electronic charge, Zeff is the effective nuclear charge, r is the absolute radius, and α is the polarizability. Our computed atomic polarizability follows all sine qua non of the periodicity. Our model significantly exhibits the relativistic effect too. A close agreement between our computed data and other available theoretical and experimental results demonstrates the efficacy of our proposed approach. Furthermore, we have established the polarizability equalization principle in terms of our computed data.

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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious personality disorder. People with BPD show a pattern of behavior characteristics marked by impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and moods. BPD is a debilitating disorder that occurs in approximately 1-4 % of the general population and about 75% are females [1][2][3]. Recent studies have found that BPD is actually more prevalent affecting almost 5.9% of the population; and there was no difference found among the rates of BPD among women vs. men [4]. Within a sample of personality-disordered patients, Zanarini et al. [5] found gender differences in the "type of disorder of impulse in which they specialized", with male borderline patients significantly more likely to meet criteria for lifetime substance use and females significantly more likely to meet criteria for life-time eating disorders. Common clinical features of BPD are frequent intense mood swings, the inability to be alone nor to tolerate intimacy, fears of abandonment, extreme dependency on others alternating with sudden hostility, perceiving others as all good or all bad ("splitting"), chronic self-mutilation (often described as relieving emotional pain), and chronic suicidality. Suicide attempts serve to punish others, escape suffering, and to communicate distress [6,7]. These patients are argumentative, irritable, sarcastic, quick to take offence and very hard to live with. Self-mutilation is one of the most discriminating signs of BPD [8]. Self-injurious behavior is associated with relief from anxiety or dysphoria and with analgesia (absence of the experience of pain in the presence of a theoretically painful stimulus) [8]. Other researchers have emphasized interpersonal problems and conflict as important precipitating events to the parasuicide [9][10][11][12]. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) [13,14], these conditions are defined by maladaptive personality characteristics beginning early in life (early adulthood) that have consistent and serious effects on functioning. BPD is frequently seen in clinical practice, characterized by emotional turmoil and chronic suicidality (suicide ideation and attempts). Several studies stress the role of impulsiveness as a core construct of BPD [15][16][17]. Emotion dysregulation is supposed to be a central mechanism of the disorder [6]. Patients with BPD are supposed to show high sensitivity and intense reactions to emotional stimuli as well as longer latencies to return to their baseline emotional state [18]. BPD commonly co-occurs with a variety of Axis I disorder ranging from mood & anxiety disorders (esp. panic & Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), to substance use & eating disorders [19]. Several studies have shown high comorbidity between BPD and substance use disorders (SUD) [20-22]. It has been suggested that the comorbidity occurs because both conditions share the Volume 8 Issue 2 -2017

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a treatment designed for individuals having borderline personality disorder (BPD), patients having binge eating disorder, comorbid substance dependence and BPD, and depressed older adults. This paper aims to explore the use of DBT and to ascertain the status of DBT education in treating difficulties in handling interpersonal relationships among clients seeking counseling and psychotherapy. The skills training mode can be employed for teaching skills to solve relationship problems. Validation and acceptance strategies can lessen rejection sensitivity and negative feelings that make interpersonal situations chaotic. Black and white thinking can be resolved by finding a middle path through acceptance and change. This paper suggests the possible utility of DBT for enhancing psychological well-being in clients.Keywords Dialectical behavior therapy . Interpersonal relationships . Managing relationship problems Healthy relationships are a crucial part of human development and individual growth. Through close relationships (e.g. friendships), people are able to empathize with others, experience both feelings of independence and dependence within a relationship, trust others, and communicate more easily in times of conflict. Jourard and Landsman (1980) said that a healthy relationship has (1) open, honest communication, (2) reasonable expectations or demands of each other, (3) concern about the other's well being and (4) freedom for both to be themselves. Individuals generally have needs, feelings and boundaries, but many people become confused when they come in contact with others or form close relationships and these relationships have needs and paths that are in competition with individual needs and goals. Relationship researchers have identified a variety of needs and goals that are often unique to the type of relationship addressed (Berscheid 1994). Hamachek (1982) says about things that interfere with healthy relationships (1) we underestimate the changes we need to make but push too hard for other people to change, (2) not liking ourselves is usually associated with not liking other people, (3) shyness inhibits closeness and intimacy with others and (4) playing deceptive, self-serving "games" and being jealous will drive others away. Brown (1995 cf, Jourard andLandsman 1980) describes the decline of true intimacy in American culture and tries to explain why Americans are becoming more and more unable to sustain meaningful relationships. Most people also accept that individuals change in various ways over time, but are not able to accept that relationships change, grow and decline in their own ways as well. Somehow, relationship or group needs must be considered and balanced with individual needs. Unfortunately, many people do not see the forces and elements involved to be able to create this balance. This leads to common interpersonal difficulties or problems raised by persons seeking counseling. Interpersonal problems are recurrent difficulties in relating to others, in clinic...

The Excess molar enthalpies have been determined for binary liquid mixtures of acetylene tetrachloride (CHCl2CHCl2) (ATC) with dimethylsulfoxide, acetone, acetonitrile and n-dibutyl ether at the temperature 303.15 K by microcalorimetry.The excess molar enthalpies are negative for all the mixtures over the whole composition range. The results were fitted with the Redlich-Kister equation by means of the least square method. The values of H E decrease in the order: Dimethylsulphoxide > acetone>acetonitrile > dibutyl ether. The same decreasing trend was observed for calculated hydrogen bond energies of these systems. These results indicate the existence of specific interactions between all these components.