Personality Disorders as Dysfunctional Interpersonal Behavior

McLemore, Clinton W.; Brokaw, David

doi:10.1521/pedi.1987.1.3.270

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…For instance, a patient's subtle hostile-dominant (HD) command or relationship messages can be discerned by complementary covert hostile-submissive (HS) emotional responses of the therapist. The IMI-C is rooted in interpersonal communication theory and therapy (see for detailed discussions : Kiesler, 1988: Kiesler, , 1996Kiesler & Van Denburg, 1993;McLemore & Brokaw, 1987). Interpersonal communication theory assumes that the full range of interpersonal transactions can be depicted in a two-dimensional circular space (the Interpersonal Circumplex: IPC), around the orthogonal dimensions (axes) of affiliation (LOV; horizontal axe) and control (DOM; vertical axe).…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective countertransference: do patients' interpersonal impacts generalize across therapists?

Hafkenscheid¹

2002

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Objective countertransference refers to the constricted feelings, attitudes and reactions of a therapist, that are induced primarily by the patient's maladaptive behaviour and that are generalizable to other therapists (and to other significant others in the patient's life). In interpersonal theory and therapy, the equivalent of objective countertransference is the impact message concept. Impact messages refer to the cognitions, emotions and action tendencies evoked in the therapist by a particular patient's interpersonal pressures. This paper tests the interpersonal hypothesis that interpersonal impact generalizes across therapists (and by extension across interpersonal relationships). Generalizability of impact messages across therapists was determined for different combinations of therapist pairs, independently rating a total of 131 psychiatric outpatients with the IMI-C (Impact Message Inventory, revised circumplex version). It was found that impact messages were most clearly generalizable across therapists for the Dominance (D) category, followed by the Hostile-Dominant (HD) and Hostile-Submissive (HS) categories. In contrast, the other five categories of impact messages turned out to be poorly generalizable across therapists. Impact messages within the Dominance (D) category were also strikingly stable over a period of time of 12 months or longer. Some possible causes of the limited generalizability of most impact message categories are discussed.

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Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective countertransference: do patients' interpersonal impacts generalize across therapists?

Hafkenscheid¹

2002

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…From this perspective, people with PDs engage in overt dysfunctional behaviors that others covertly experience as aversive. The aversion others experience likely affects their responses, such that they may respond in a way that helps to reinforce pathological beliefs that the person with the PD holds about themselves and others (Eagle, 2000;McLemore & Brokaw, 1987;Pincus, Lukowitsky, & Wright, 2010). This study provides insight into such cycles, for instance, by suggesting that grandiose individuals seek attention in ways that others find aversive (e.g., self-enhancement).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors Associated With Pathological Personality Traits

Williams

Thomas

Donnellan

et al. 2014

Journal of Personality Disorders

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Although interpersonal dysfunction is a defining feature of personality disorders (PDs), relatively little is known about how features of PD are perceived by others. In the current study, students (n = 225) reported on the traits and aversive interpersonal behaviors of individuals with pathological personality features. Aversive behaviors were measured using the Interpersonal Sensitivity Circumplex, and pathological personality features were assessed using the DSM-5 Section 3 traits. The structural summary method for circumplex data was used to evaluate how pathological traits related to both general and specific aversive behaviors. Most traits associated with PDs were related to general aversive behaviors. Specific associations suggested that young adults are most irritated when individuals with personality pathology try to form or sustain attachments, as opposed to control, withdraw, or submit to them. These results are consistent with the assumption that personality pathology is broadly characterized by aversive behaviors and imply that individuals are most bothered by maladaptive attempts by others to become or stay connected.

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“…A summary and overview of the role that dependency plays in each of the DSM-IV personality disorders is presented in Table 1 (see also Cooper, Frances, & Sacks [1986]; McLemore & Brokaw [1987];and Millon [1969and Millon [ , 1981and Millon [ , 1990and Millon [ , 1996). It is worthwhile to briefly describe the most important features of Table 1 before discussing the processes by which dependency strivings play a role in the etiology and dynamics of different forms of personality pathology.…”

Section: Dependency In the Personality Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…shows, the majority of DSM-IV personality disorders are characterized by strong underlying dependency needs (see also Cooper et al, 1986;McLemore & Brokaw, 1987). In three disorders (i.e., dependent, borderline, and histrionic) these strong underlying dependency needs are coupled with strong expressed dependency strivings.…”

Section: Dependency In the Personality Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the obsessive-compulsive individual overcompensates for his or her fears and anxieties via a preoccupation with control and self-reliance. Although dependency-related issues do not play a major role in the dynamics of this form of personality pathology (McLemore & Brokaw, 1987), it is clear that the obsessive-compulsive person's coping style allows them to deny their dependency needs and maintain the illusion that they can control the environment effectively and thereby function without the help and support of other people (Horowitz, 1991).…”

Section: Personality Pathology Stemming From Rigid Inflexible Strivimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependency in the personality disorders: Intensity, insight, expression, and defense

Bornstein

1998

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Although dependency-related dynamics play a role in many forms of personality pathology, a review of the literature in this area reveals that individuals with different personality disorders differ with respect to the intensity of underlying dependency needs, their degree of insight regarding these needs, the ways in which dependency needs are expressed in important interpersonal relationships, and characteristic defenses used to modulate underlying dependency needs. Clinical, theoretical, and empirical implications of these findings are discussed, and suggestions for future research on the dependency-personality disorders relationship are offered.

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Personality Disorders as Dysfunctional Interpersonal Behavior

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Objective countertransference: do patients' interpersonal impacts generalize across therapists?

Objective countertransference: do patients' interpersonal impacts generalize across therapists?

The Aversive Interpersonal Behaviors Associated With Pathological Personality Traits

Dependency in the personality disorders: Intensity, insight, expression, and defense

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