Personality Disorders and Coping Among Anxious Older Adults

Coolidge, Frederick L.; Segal, Daniel L.; Hook, Julie N.; Stewart, Sharon E.

doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(99)00046-8

Cited by 126 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The wording was modified for the present study to fit the population and the challenges the participants faced. Based on the theoretical literature and several empirical studies, we grouped the 14 subscales into three categories: (1) problem-focused coping (active coping, planning, instrumental support), (2) emotion-focused coping (positive reframing, humour, religion, acceptance, emotional support), and (3) avoidant coping (self-blame, behavioural engagement, substance abuse, self-distraction, denial, venting) (Carver & Scheier, 1994; Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989; Coolidge, Segal, Hook, & Stewart, 2000; Cooper, Katona, & Livingston, 2008; Endler & Parker, 1994; Folkman & Lazarus, 1985; Schnider et al, 2007). In the present sample, the Cronbach alpha for problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping was 0.863, 0.822, and 0.723, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment styles, grief responses, and the moderating role of coping strategies in parents bereaved by the Sewol ferry accident

Huh

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Previous studies on the influence of different types of attachment on grief responses have yielded contradictory outcomes. Little research has been conducted to identify the psychological processes that moderate the relationship between attachment representations and patterns of grief in disaster-related grief. Objective: The present study examines the effects of different attachment types on the grief responses of parents bereaved by loss of a child in a ferry accident, along with the moderating role of coping strategies. Methods: Bereaved parents (n = 81) completed self-report questionnaires evaluating attachment, coping strategies, complicated grief, and shame/guilt. We performed correlational analyses to examine the associations among variables. We also conducted hierarchical regression analyses and simple slope analyses to examine the moderation effects of coping strategies. Results: Anxious attachment was associated with severe shame/guilt, and avoidant attachment correlated with complicated grief. Anxious attachment was positively associated with all types of coping strategies, and avoidant attachment was negatively related to problem- and emotion-focused coping. The use of problem-focused coping strategies was a significant moderator of the relationship between the avoidant attachment dimension and shame/guilt. Avoidant attachment had a significant effect on shame/guilt in groups with a high level of problem-focused coping. In contrast, none of the coping strategies significantly moderated the relationship between anxious attachment and grief response. Conclusions: The results suggest that people with highly avoidant attachment might be overwhelmed by shame and guilt when they try to use problem-focused coping strategies. This finding suggests that grief interventions should be organized with consideration of individual differences in attachment representations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment styles, grief responses, and the moderating role of coping strategies in parents bereaved by the Sewol ferry accident

Huh

Kim

Lee

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Each of the 14 subscales can be reported as a total score (2-8) or a mean score (1-4) with higher scores indicating more use of the particular type of coping effort. Based on conceptual and theoretical literature, several authors group the 14 subscales into three coping categories or strategies: 1) problem-focused coping, 2) emotion-focused coping, and 3) avoidant coping (34)(35)(36). Each category score is reported as a mean score ranging from 1 to 4 (Table A1, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CCM/B207).…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Petrinec

Mazanec

Bujrant

et al. 2016

Survey of Anesthesiology

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Objective-To assess the coping strategies used by family decision makers of adult critical care patients during and after the critical care experience and the relationship of coping strategies to posttraumatic stress symptoms experienced 60 days after hospitalization.Design-A single-group descriptive longitudinal correlational study.Setting-Medical, surgical, and neurological ICUs in a large tertiary care university hospital.Patients-Consecutive family decision makers of adult critical care patients from August 2012 to November 2013. Study inclusion occurred after the patient's fifth day in the ICU. Interventions-None.Measurements and Main Results-Family decision makers of incapacitated adult ICU patients completed the Brief COPE instrument assessing coping strategy use 5 days after ICU admission and 30 days after hospital discharge or death of the patient and completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised assessing post-traumatic stress symptoms 60 days after hospital discharge. Seventy-seven family decision makers of the eligible 176 completed all data collection time points of this study. The use of problem-focused (p = 0.01) and emotion-focused (p < 0.01) coping decreased over time while avoidant coping (p = 0.20) use remained stable. Coping strategies 30 days after hospitalization (R 2 = 0.50, p < 0.001) were better predictors of later posttraumatic stress symptoms than coping strategies 5 days after ICU admission (R 2 = 0.30, p = 0.001) controlling for patient and decision-maker characteristics. The role of decision maker for a parent and patient death were the only noncoping predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Avoidant coping use 30 days after hospitalization mediated the relationship between patient death and later posttraumatic stress symptom severity.Conclusions-Coping strategy use is a significant predictor of posttraumatic stress symptom severity 60 days after hospitalization in family decision makers of ICU patients.For information regarding this article, abp19@case.edu. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website (http://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal).Dr. Hoffer has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest. Some family members of critically ill patients experience tremendous psychological distress during the ICU experience (1-5). Lemiale et al (6) reported in a French cohort that 36% of ICU family members are taking anxiolytic or antidepressant drugs on discharge or death of their family member. In the months following the ICU experience, family members are at risk for ongoing psychological distress, including symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, depression, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and complicated grief (7-12). Specifically, the prevalence and severity of PTSD symptoms in post-ICU family members have been increasingly recognized in the literature (7-10, 13-18). HHS Public Acce...

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“…The alpha reliabilities of the scales for the population of 294 participants involved in the validation study ranged from .50 to .90, with only three falling below 7 .60 [15]. Such subscales can be grouped in emotion-focused coping strategies (acceptance, emotional support, humour, positive reframing, religion), problem-focused coping strategies (active coping, instrumental support, planning), and dysfunctional coping strategies (behavioural disengagement, denial, self-distraction, self-blame, substance abuse, venting) [17]. Internal consistencies for emotion-focused, problem-focused, and dysfunctional subscales are good (respectively, 0.72, 0.84, 0.75) [18].…”

Section: Subjects 98 Consecutive Patients Admitted To the Coronary Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional coping is a better predictor of cardiac prognosis than depression and anxiety

Chiavarino

Rabellino

Ardito

et al. 2012

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective: We compared, in a prospective study on patients with acute coronary syndrome, the predictive effect of a depression or anxiety diagnosis and of emotion-focused, problem-focused and dysfunctional coping strategies, as detected early after an acute event, on patients' left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), a reliable prognostic index of disease severity, at a three-month follow up.Methods: Ninety consecutive patients following an acute coronary syndrome event (83.3% men; mean age 56.9 ± 8.9 years) were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, presence of depression and anxiety disorders (MINI), and active use of emotion-focused, problemfocused and dysfunctional coping strategies (Brief Cope) were assessed at the time of enrolment.LVEF at a three-month follow up was used as the outcome measure. Results: The medical predictors of LVEF accounted for 10.6% of the variance of LVEF at follow up. Emotion-focused coping strategies significantly contributed for an additional 6.1%, while the presence of a depression and/or anxiety disorder was not a significant predictor of LVEF at follow up, nor were dysfunctional and problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusion: Emotion-focused coping strategies at the time of the cardiac event were the only reliable psychological predictor of disease severity at a three-month follow up. These findings hint to the possibility that variables such as emotional coping may be a fruitful target for psychological treatments directed at cardiac patients in primary care settings.Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; cardiac rehabilitation; constructivism; depression; emotionfocused coping.Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; ICD, international classification of diseases; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MINI, mini-international neuropsychiatric interview; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST elevation myocardial infarction.

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Personality Disorders and Coping Among Anxious Older Adults

Cited by 126 publications

References 25 publications

Attachment styles, grief responses, and the moderating role of coping strategies in parents bereaved by the Sewol ferry accident

Attachment styles, grief responses, and the moderating role of coping strategies in parents bereaved by the Sewol ferry accident

Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Post-ICU Family Decision Makers

Emotional coping is a better predictor of cardiac prognosis than depression and anxiety

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