Personality development and psychopathology

Fruyt, Filip De; Clercq, Barbara De; Caluwé, Elien De; Verbeke, Lize

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804674-6.00024-7

Cited by 7 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This dimensional trait approach was recently recognized by major psychiatric nosologies (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [2013] and ICD-11;Tyrer [2013]), and is supported by an extensive group of international researchers and clinicians who continue to stimulate the field to move toward a dimensional and evidence-based framework for personality and psychopathology (Hopwood, 2017;Kotov et al, 2017). This dimensional trait approach on personality-related pathology has also been complemented by a developmental perspective, showing that childhood maladaptive traits can be represented within a similar structural model and have significant value for understanding adaptive and maladaptive outcomes (De Fruyt, De Clercq, De Caluwé, & Verbeke, 2017). Building upon this evidence, translating the Dark Triad (DT) construct toward younger age groups from such developmental trait perspective may thus be a viable way to construct a valid phenotypic profile of the DT in youth.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental pathways of childhood dark traits.

Clercq¹,

Hofmans²,

Vergauwe³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The dark triad of personality has traditionally been defined by 3 interrelated constructs, defined as Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy. Although the content of each of these constructs is clearly represented in childhood maladaptive trait measures, no studies have jointly addressed the prospective developmental course of this core set of maladaptive characteristics throughout childhood and adolescence. The current study uses latent growth modeling to explore how early dark traits develop over time, relying on a selected set of 6 childhood maladaptive traits that conceptually cover the adult dark triad. Across a 5-wave multi-informant design spanning 10 years of childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood (N wave 1 ϭ 717, 54.4% girls, age range T 1 ϭ 8 -14.7 years, mean age ϭ 10.73), results indicate that childhood dark traits show to some extent shared growth across time, although notable unique growth variance was also observed. Early dark traits further demonstrate significant association patterns with an adult dark triad measure across informants and are increasingly able to discriminate among more and less prototypical profiles of adult dark triad scores. Findings are discussed from a developmental psychopathology framework, underscoring that the proposed set of childhood dark traits represents a meaningful developmental precursor of the adult dark triad. General Scientific SummaryThis article describes how socially aversive personality traits develop from childhood onward and demonstrates that these traits overall decline over time, although some unique developmental issues are observed too for each of the childhood traits. From an outcome perspective, the study shows that childhood dark traits, as perceived by the children themselves as well as by their mothers, are meaningfully related to adult socially aversive traits.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental pathways of childhood dark traits.

Clercq¹,

Hofmans²,

Vergauwe³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Different conceptual models aim to explain how personality and psychopathology constructs co-occur and mutually affect one another (for reviews, see De Fruyt et al, 2017b;Krueger & Tackett 2003;. Of these, four major models have emerged in recent decades and attempt to explain such associations (South et al, 2010;De Fruyt et al, 2017a).…”

Section: Trait-symptom Association Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, four major models have emerged in recent decades and attempt to explain such associations (South et al, 2010;De Fruyt et al, 2017a). First the vulnerability model proposes that pre-existing personality traits predispose people to develop certain mental illnesses (De Fruyt et al, 2017a;De Fruyt et al, 2017b). For instance, high neuroticism may lead to depressive disorders developing in adults (Hengartner et al, 2016; for a review, see Clark et al, 1994) and youths (Tackett, 2006;Nigg, 2006).…”

Section: Trait-symptom Association Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, high neuroticism may lead to depressive disorders developing in adults (Hengartner et al, 2016; for a review, see Clark et al, 1994) and youths (Tackett, 2006;Nigg, 2006). The complication model, also known as the scar model, suggests experiencing a certain form of psychopathology that causes a "scar" in personality that changes it (De Fruyt et al, 2017a;De Fruyt et al, 2017b). For instance, experiencing a panic attack that is contributed to higher anxiety sensitivity levels in adults (Schmidt et al, 2000) or childhood antisocial behavioral problems predicting increased neuroticism in adulthood (Shiner et al, 2002).…”

Section: Trait-symptom Association Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, for pathoplasty, also known as the exacerbation model, premorbid personality is considered to have an effect on the disorder's expression, its course, severity and treatment response. In the pathoplasty model, it is also assumed that personality and psychopathology have independent etiological causes (De Fruyt et al, 2017a;De Fruyt et al, 2017b). For example, a longitudinal study has indicated that changes in childhood personality and over-reactive parenting are associated with internalizing and externalizing adjustment problems in adolescence (van der Akker et al, 2010).…”

Section: Trait-symptom Association Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Five-Factor Model of Personality and the Structure of Psychopathology in Adolescence

Etkin¹

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Mental health problems are one of the main causes of disability in children and adolescents, where symptoms of anxiety, depression, behavior problems, hyperactivity and attention problems are the most frequently reported. For this reason, many studies have addressed these constructs in recent decades in an attempt to shed light on the structure of psychopathology and its possible predictor variables, including early personality traits.However, this field is constantly expanding and there are still unanswered questions, mainly in the non-adult population, about how these variables are related, the mechanisms that underlie these associations, and which theoretical models best explain the structure of psychopathology and its relation with personality traits.

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Neuroticism and Attention Toward Sexual and Non-Sexual Images During an Oddball Task: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

et al. 2021

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While previous research has argued that neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for the experience of sexual difficulties, the basic cognitive processes associated with the impact of such a personality trait on the processing of sexually explicit stimuli are less understood. The current study examined the influence of neuroticism on the attentional processes and its neurophysiological correlates during the perception of sexual and non-sexual images. Eventrelated potentials from 30 women and 28 men were recorded during a modified oddball paradigm in which participants of both sexes visualized stimuli from three different categories (sexual, non-sexual positive, and non-sexual negative), and two arousal levels (high and low arousal). A P1 latency effect was found for female participants, in which high neuroticism was associated with longer latencies for pornographic compared to romantic sexual images. Higher levels of neuroticism were also associated with higher P3 amplitudes for highly arousing images, with both sexual and non-sexual content. Results were interpreted in light of the information processing model of sexual arousal and showed that neuroticism seems to impact both automatic and conscious pathways of processing of sexual stimuli.

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Personality development and psychopathology

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Developmental pathways of childhood dark traits.

Developmental pathways of childhood dark traits.

The Five-Factor Model of Personality and the Structure of Psychopathology in Adolescence

Neuroticism and Attention Toward Sexual and Non-Sexual Images During an Oddball Task: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

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