Personality Correlates of Substance Abuse

Cox, W. Miles

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9990-3_7

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 175 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The relationship between alcohol and neuropsychological performance is likely to be complex and to involve interaction with a number of other variables (Grant, 1987). Heavy drinkers and alcohol-dependent workers may be at higher risk of work injury due to personalities associated with risk-taking behaviors (Cherpitel, 1999;Cox, 1985;Jessor and Jessor, 1977;Zuckerman, 1979;). The effect of alcoholism on occupational injury in older workers also may be mediated by disabilities such as hearing loss that are more frequent among alcoholics (Zwerling et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Dependence, and Injuries at Work Among Young Workers in the United States Labor Force

Veazie

Smith

2000

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Dependence, and Injuries at Work Among Young Workers in the United States Labor Force

Veazie

Smith

2000

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cox (1985) found that sensation seeking is not influentialin the choice of psychoactivedrugs, although high sensation seekers do resort to more frequent drug-related behaviors. A more general biological explanation is given by Bardo and Mueller (1991) , who suggest that sensation seeking has been reformulated from an optimal arousal model to a brain reward model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intrusive thoughts, sensation seeking, and drug use in college students

Hines

Shaw

1993

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationships between drug use, task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs), self-reported sensation seeking, retrospective self-reported personality characteristics, laterality, eye dominance, and allergies in collegestudents who were diagnosed in childhoodas having attention deficitlhyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated. Three groups (high-and low-activity and ADHD subjects) reported both spontaneous and deliberate TUTs during a vigilance task. Intrusive thoughts were found to be predictive of drug use/attitudes, but, to a greater extent, sensation seeking accounted for most drug-related behavior. Left-eye dominance was related to increased childhood hyperactive behaviors and to spontaneous TUTs. Of the three groups, subjects diagnosed as having ADHD had more spontaneous TUTs. These results are consistent with biological models.A recent research report has demonstrated a relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and spontaneous thoughts (Shaw & Giambra, 1993). Another recent study has provided evidence that adult ADHD individuals are prone to drug and alcohol use (Mannuzza et al. , 1991). A plausible implication of these two studies is that ADHD persons wish to stop the discomfort of unbidden thoughts. This suggested relationship deserves investigation .The main findings of Shaw and Giambra (1993) were that subjects diagnosed with ADHD as children exhibited the greatest frequency of spontaneous thoughts , left-eye dominance , and sensation seeking. Shaw and Giambra (1993) stated that our ADHD individuals , hypoaroused and seeking optimum levels of sensation (or perhaps increasingly aroused because boredom is extreme ly stressful to them) have higher levels of nonconscious processing (from fleeting sensory input and/or previous thought ) and subsequent semantic activation . The results of these processes emerge rapidly into consciousnes s as spontaneous thoughts. In ADHD individuals, the uncontrolled spontaneous thoughts may be disrupting attention such that they cannot concentrate on the task at hand. In other words , when ADHD individuals are bored their semantic activation processes seem more random and may cause mental discomfort to these individuals resulting in poor coordination of attentional and inhibitional processes . (p. 28)The two general theories used by Shaw and Giambra (1993) to explain intrusive thoughts in ADHD persons involved arousal levels and impulsivity. Klove (1989) cites a great deal of evidence supporting the hypoarousal hypothesis, which states that ADHD children seem to need stimulation as a result of underarousal in the reticular activating system and cortex. Zuckerman (1979Zuckerman ( , 1983 We are grateful to L. M. Giambra and E. Rosenberg , of the National Institute on Aging, for allowing us to use the computer task, and to the students who served as our subjects. Requests for reprints should be sent to G. A. Shaw, Department of Psychology , Georgetown College , KY 40324 .views sensation seeking as a stable, biologically based personality trait defined a...

show abstract

“…While Dickerson (1990a) recommends that it is best to regard problem gamblers as a heterogeneous group, with no evidence for a specific personality type, Greenberg (1980) reports the typical pathological gambler shows a reliable pattern of character traits, including intelligence, pride, overconfidence, impatience, unrealistic optimism, denial and rationalization, and exhibits a gregarious facade to mask loneliness and a lack of intimacy skills. Others have identified personality traits and symptoms amongst addicts such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, self-defeating behaviour and sensation-seeking behaviour (Jacobs, 1982;Cox, 1985;Kagan and Squires, 1985).…”

Section: Personality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Problem Gambling in Adults: An Overview

Lamberton

Oei

1997

Clin. Psychol. Psychother.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As many countries are legalizing gambling, more and more individuals are presenting for treatment of gambling problems. Similarly, more sophisticated theories and therapies are emerging for the prevention and alleviation of problems associated with gambling. With this explosion of information on gambling, there is now a need to comprehensively summarize the available information. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of problem/ pathological gambling in adults, with extensive review of epidemiological, aetiological and treatment variables involved in the development, maintenance and recovery from gambling problems. There is enough evidence to suggest that gambling results from a complicated interaction of affective, cognitive, behavioural and physiological variables. Given this interaction, a melding of treatment approaches, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), is advocated. Indeed, the available evidence supports the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of problems associated with gambling.

show abstract

Personality Correlates of Substance Abuse

Cited by 49 publications

References 175 publications

Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Dependence, and Injuries at Work Among Young Workers in the United States Labor Force

Heavy Drinking, Alcohol Dependence, and Injuries at Work Among Young Workers in the United States Labor Force

Intrusive thoughts, sensation seeking, and drug use in college students

Problem Gambling in Adults: An Overview

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About