Personality Characteristics Associated with Persistent ADHD in Late Adolescence

Miller, Carlin J.; Miller, Scott R.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Halperin, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9167-7

Cited by 67 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The literature has previously described that some personality traits are more prominent in ADHD populations (Martel et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2008). These differences were, however, only partly reproduced in the presented study, as the girls with ADHD exhibited higher Impulsivity compared to the normal population, consistent with previous reports (Martel et al, 2008;Miller et al, 2008), while the boys with ADHD showed higher Hedonic Capacity (as a facet of Extraversion), which has not been documented earlier. This deviation between studies may depend on the different populations or even more likely on the small sizes of the gender groups in the present study, which may have limited the statistical power and the possibilities to detect all associations.…”

Section: Personality Traits and Adherence To Medicationsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The severity of ADHD has been related to high Neuroticism along with low Agreeableness and Conscientiousness in young people 16 to 22 years of age (Miller, Miller, Newcorn, & Halperin, 2008). Attention difficulty symptoms have been associated with low Conscientiousness and high Neuroticism, while symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity with low Agreeableness in young adults (mean age 21.6) (Nigg et al, 2002).…”

Section: Personality Traits In Asthma and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment adherence in Asthma and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Personality traits, Beliefs about medication and Illness perception

Emilsson¹

2017

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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Adherence to medication in asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is important because medication may prevent serious consequences, possibly with lifelong effects. Several factors have been identified that influence adherence to medication in these disorders, but the importance of personality traits, beliefs about medication and illness perception has been insufficiently explored. The overall aim of this thesis was to study adherence to medication in asthma and ADHD, and in particular factors associated with adherence.The participants (n=268) in Study I were recruited epidemiologically and consisted of young adults with asthma, aged 22 years (±1 year). Impulsivity and, in men Antagonism and Alexithymia were associated with low adherence among respondents with regular asthma medication (n=109). The participants (n=35) in Study II were recruited from primary care clinics and consisted of adults (mean age 53 years). In men, Neuroticism was associated with low adherence, but Conscientiousness with high adherence. Beliefs about the necessity of medication were positively associated with adherence behaviour in women. In the total sample, a positive necessity-concern differential of beliefs predicted higher adherence. The participants in Study III, IV (n=101) and V (n=99) were recruited from Child and Adolescent Psychiatric clinics and consisted of adolescents with ADHD on long-term ADHD medication. Study IV assessed the reliability and validity of Swedish translations of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific (BMQ-Specific) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) for use in adolescents with ADHD. Exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) loadings of the BMQ-Specific items confirmed the original components, the specific-necessity and specific-concerns. The exploratory PCA for B-IPQ revealed two components; the first one, B-IPQ Consequences, captured questions regarding perceptions of the implication of having ADHD (items 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8) and the second one, B-IPQ-Control, the perceptions of the ability to manage the ADHD disorder (items 3, 4 and 7). Adherence correlated positively with BMQnecessity-concern differential but negatively with beliefs about medication regarding concerns and side effects as well as Antagonism. Adolescents with more beliefs in the necessity, but with less concerns and side effects were less intentionally non-adherent. Adolescents with more perceptions that ADHD affected life showed less unintentional non-adherence. Negative Affectivity was associated with beliefs in the necessity of medication, but also with concern about medication and side effects. Negative Affectivity was positively associated with perceived consequences in life caused by ADHD and less control over ADHD. Hedonic Capacity was associated with less concerns about medication. In conclusion: In asthma and ADHD, adherence was associated with personality and beliefs about medications treatment. The personality traits showed numerous associations with perception about ADHD a...

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Section: Personality Traits and Adherence To Medicationsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Personality Traits In Asthma and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment adherence in Asthma and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Personality traits, Beliefs about medication and Illness perception

Emilsson¹

2017

Linköping University Medical Dissertations

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“…Openness relates weakly to both dimensions, and the evidence for extraversion is mixed (see Nigg et al 2004). Regarding the latter trait, some studies have found positive relations with ADHD (Braaten and Rosén 1997;Martel et al 2010), but others have reported very weak or negative associations (Di Nicola et al 2014;Miller et al 2008).…”

Section: Relations With Personalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult ADHD: Associations with Personality and Other Psychopathology

Stanton

Watson

2015

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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The goals of this study were to explicate adult ADHD's relations with personality at both the domain and facet levels and to examine its associations with other psychological symptoms. Community members (N=294) completed measures assessing ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/ impulsive symptoms, five-factor model personality domains and facets, and other internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Inattentiveness showed strong negative relations with conscientiousness and extraversion and strong positive relations with neuroticism; in contrast, hyperactivity/impulsivity related negatively to agreeableness, positively to extraversion, and weakly to neuroticism. Whereas inattentiveness emerged as a positive predictor of internalizing psychopathology-and depression in particular-hyperactivity/impulsivity related weakly to internalizing but more strongly to externalizing psychopathology. Thus, inattentive and hyperactive/ impulsive symptoms showed differential relations with personality-at both the domain and facet levels-and with other psychological symptoms. These results demonstrate the value in examining ADHD's relations with personality facets and with a wide range of psychopathology within the same study.Keywords Adult ADHD . Personality . Facets . Comorbidity . PsychopathologyAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly studied as a Bchildhood disorder,^but symptoms of this disorder often persist into adulthood, with adult prevalence rates estimated at 4.4 % ). According to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association 2013), an ADHD diagnosis must be specified as a predominately inattentive (ADHD-IA) presentation, a predominately hyperactive/impulsive (ADHD-HI) presentation, or a combined presentation if criteria for both inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity are met. The presentation specifiers replaced the inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, and combined Bsubtypes^from DSM-IV, and they are not assumed to be stable over time (as the discrete subtypes were). These changes occurred as a result of research indicating that DSM-IV ADHD subtypes provided a clinically convenient method for describing symptoms, but did not reflect empirically distinct symptom profiles (Willcutt et al. 2012). Relations with PersonalityResearch examining the associations between personality and psychopathology has been influential in informing structural models of psychopathology and comorbidity, such that Section III of DSM-5 includes a trait dimensional scheme largely derived from the five-factor model of personality (Krueger et al. 2012). Martel et al. (2010 illustrate how personality can be used as a framework for understanding heterogeneity in ADHD presentations, finding evidence for three subgroups in children with ADHD: one characterized by low extraversion (associated primarily with ADHD-IA), one by high extraversion (associated with combined ADHD presentations), and one by impulsivity/poor control (also associated with combined ADHD pr...

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“…Inter-rater reliability showed 93-100% agreement, and test-retest reliability (Cohen's ) was .80 for any anxiety disorders. The instrument had high concurrent validity when compared with questionnaires on depression, anxiety, ADHD and behavioural problems Miller, Miller, Newcorn, & Halperin, 2008). …”

Section: Ocd Diagnosis and Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life in children with OCD before and after treatment

Weidle

Ivarsson

Thomsen

et al. 2014

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Barn og ungdom med tvangslidelse (OCD): Komorbiditet og livskvalitet.OCD er kjennetegnet av ubehagelige tvangstanker og tidskrevende tvangshandlinger og forekommer hos 0,5 -3 % av barnebefolkningen. Ubehandlet får lidelsen et kronisk forløp hos 40 -75 %. Hovedmålsettingen for avhandlingen var å belyse to viktige aspekter av OCD: Samtidig forkommende andre tilstander (komorbiditet) og livskvalitet. Komorbiditet i form av autistiske trekk ble undersøkt hos barn og unge med OCD og sammenliknet med en kontrollgruppe fra den generelle befolkningen. Utvalget er hentet fra en svensk OCD klinikk (Göteborg), kontrollgruppen ble rekruttert i en middels stor by fra samme geografiske området. Autistiske symptomer forekom hos omtrent en femtedel av barn og unge med OCD og var dermed mye hyppigere enn i den generelle befolkningen. Allikevel hadde flertallet ikke slike symptomer som tyder på at kombinasjonen av autistiske symptomer og OCD forekommer i en undergruppe, men er ikke et generelt trekk ved OCD. l den internasjonalt pågående debatten om det er empirisk grunnlag for å betrakte tilstander som OCD, Tourettes syndrom, spiseforstyrrelser og autismespekterforstyrrelser som deler av et såkalt Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum (OCSD) støtter våre resultater ikke klassifikasjon av autismespekterforstyrrelser som del av dette spektrum. At en undergruppe av barn med OCD har autistiske trekk må dog tas i betraktning når man skal skreddersy individuell tilpasset behandling for barn med OCD.Å utforske livskvalitet hos barn og unge med OCD er relevant, fordi det finnes et stort antall studier av livskvalitet hos voksne med OCD, men veldig få undersøkelser hos barn. Livskvalitet ble undersøkt hos barn og unge med OCD som deltok i NordLOTS studien (Nordic Longterm OCD treatment study) og sammenliknet med livskvalitet av skoleelever i Sør-Trøndelag. NordLOTS-studien er en nordisk multisenterstudie hvor enheter som behandler OCD hos barn og ungdom har anvendt samme prosedyre for utredning, behandling og evaluering. Studien har inkludert 135 barn og ungdom i alder 7-17 år med OCD. Pasientene ble behandlet med kognitiv atferdsterapi (KAT) med eksponering i en "standartdose" på 14 timer og ble deretter evaluert. Livskvalitet og sosial kompetanse var betydelig redusert hos barn og ungdom med OCD sammenlignet med den generelle befolkningen. Hos barn med komorbide lidelser beskrev foreldrene lavere livskvalitet enn hos de med bare OCD. Etter behandlingen rapporterte de som hadde effekt av behandlingen en livskvalitet i samme nivå som i den generelle befolkningen, mens de som ikke hadde effekt beskrev ingen forbedring av livskvaliteten. Basert på våre funn anbefales å anvende livskvalitets evaluering i klinikk og forskning for å få med et mål for barns og foreldrenes subjektive opplevelse i vurderingen og dermed en mer helhetlig forståelse av OCD hos barn og unge. Ovennevnte avhandling er funnet verdig til å forsvares offentlig for graden philosophiae doctor (ph.d.). Disputas finner sted i Auditoriet, Medisinsk Teknisk Forskningssenter, fredag 9...

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Personality Characteristics Associated with Persistent ADHD in Late Adolescence

Cited by 67 publications

References 46 publications

Treatment adherence in Asthma and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Personality traits, Beliefs about medication and Illness perception

Treatment adherence in Asthma and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Personality traits, Beliefs about medication and Illness perception

Adult ADHD: Associations with Personality and Other Psychopathology

Quality of life in children with OCD before and after treatment

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