Personality and Exchange in Developing Relationships

Carson, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-143550-9.50015-x

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Brown's (1965) discussion of solidarity and status as basic dimensions of interpersonal relationships, and Bales' (1958) distinction between two types of leader-the "specialist at being liked" who contributes to group solidarity and maintenance, and the task specialist who may guide and direct as well as suggest ideas. There are a number of twodimensional circumplex models related to traits in the interpersonal domain which appear similar: Wiggins (1979), for example, presents a circumplex in two dimensions connoting affiliation and dominance, and Carson (1979) relates social exchange theory to dimensions of love and status. Thus from theoretical as well as empirical sources, from behavioral data as well as rating data, there is evidence for the centrality ofthese two motive clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical goal hierarchies and classification of human motives

Wicker¹,

Lambert²,

Richardson³

et al. 1984

Journal of Personality

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To explore a structural approacb to motivation based on hierarchies of goal inclusion, 231 subjects in two studies rated the valence of 46 or 56 general goals, and ratings were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis. Factors over all subjects were labeled Interpersonal Concem, Competitive Ambition,, Exploration-play,, Balanceei Success, Economic Status, and Intellectual Orientation. Cluster analyses produced corresponding clusters, as well as Security, Personal Growth, Transpersemal Orientation, and Tranquility Seeking, arranged in hierarchies of class inclusion, culminating in a broad goal dichotomy described as Indivieitial Striving vs. Harmony Seeking. The paper explicates a type of hierarchical interdependency among motives which supplements interdependencies implied by motivation theories, and suggests an alternative to the assumption of some fixed number of "basic" motives. It gives descriptive data on very broad motivation categories which influence self-reports of goal importance and which relate to prior classifications of motivation, personality, and social behavior.In the study of motivation, as of emotion, it is difficult to achieve consensus or clarity about underlying dimensions or overall structure. Consider, for example, the question of how many basic needs or wants we must postulate to understand human motivation. The number implied by motivation theories would seem to vary widely. Murray (1938) described over 28 psychogenic and 13 viscerogenic needs, McDougall at one time (1933) proposed 18 "innate propensities" of a motivational character, Cattell (1957) discussed 16 "ergs," and Madsen (1961) suggested that 16 motives were sufficient to capture the important distinctions in Murray's list. On the other hand, Maslow (1970) proposed a hierarchy of only five kinds of needs, Forgus and Sbulman (1979) discussed four systems, and Freud

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical goal hierarchies and classification of human motives

Wicker¹,

Lambert²,

Richardson³

et al. 1984

Journal of Personality

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“…While adequate adjustment entails the availability of behaviours at all parts of the circle, individuals differ in having preferred styles emphasizing particular segments. Rigid style characterizes personality disorder (Carson, 1979). This study tested the assumption that categories of deviant personality arc differentiated by interpersonal reactions which are consistent across situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These preliminary findings support the proposal that categories of abnormal personality are differentiated by their interpersonal style. The interpersonal approach has implications for both classification and treatment, since inflexible styles may reflect not only a limited repertoire of skills (Mischel, 1984), but also cognitive biases which influence the course and outcome of social interactions (Carson, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal style and personality deviation

Willner

Blackburn²

1988

British J Clinic Psychol

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“…(Interestingly, interethnic romance often is presumed by social scientists to evolve out of lust and sexuality devoid of nurturance or love; see Porterfield, 1978;Spickard, 1989). Furthermore, the flow of respect often is characterized as &dquo;complementary&dquo; (i.e., as women showing men respect but men reacting with contempt) rather than as reciprocal (i.e., as women showing men respect and men reacting with respect; see Carson, 1969Carson, , 1979.…”

Section: Interethnic Marriage As Irrelevant: a Anddquo;genericanddquo; Momentioning

confidence: 99%

Communalism and the Reciprocity of Affection and Respect Among Interethnic Married Couples

Gaines

1997

Journal of Black Studies

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Personality and Exchange in Developing Relationships

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Categorical goal hierarchies and classification of human motives

Categorical goal hierarchies and classification of human motives

Interpersonal style and personality deviation

Communalism and the Reciprocity of Affection and Respect Among Interethnic Married Couples

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