Personal Voices

Honig, Emily; Hershatter, Gail

doi:10.1515/9780804766319

Cited by 245 publications

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“…have opened up, there has also been a backlash against the claims for gender equality associated with "gender sameness" based on the male standard promoted during Mao's China (Evans, 1997). Young women were actively encouraged to choose a career appropriate to "female capabilities", which led to male preference in job allocation in the 1980s and pushed women to engage in work that is traditionally considered the purview of women (Honig & Hershatter, 1988). As urban unemployment rose, women were called to return home in the 1990s (Evans, 1997).…”

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The Naturalisation of Motherhood Within Marriage and its Implications for Chinese Academic Women

Xie

2019

bjocs

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As a result of the one-child policy implemented in 1979, daughters born into urban households have benefited from unprecedented educational investment due to the lack of competition from brothers (Fong, 2006). In recent years, a Confucian discourse of filial piety was adopted by the party-state to tackle population risks and counter individualism, which drew on “traditional” notions of gender and generational hierarchy to reinforce the heterosexual family as the main welfare provider (Zheng, 2018; Qi, 2014). The 1980s only-child generation raised under this ideology has now reached the age of marrying, child-raising and establishing a career. This paper investigates how gender affects the career and reproductive choices of China’s well-educated daughters, particularly those working in academia. Drawing on a sub-set of a larger sample, I focus on data from interviews with eight women who currently work in Chinese universities and are at different life stages. I illustrate how, in spite of being at the top of the ivory tower, the gender stereotype that a woman’s primary responsibility is towards her family poses a major obstacle to those who seek career progression. I analyse how the existing socio-political discourse constructs a naturalised female subject that is bound by reproductive norms, and the implication of this for women’s careers. At time of publication, the journal operated under the old name. When quoting please refer to the citation on the left using British Journal of Chinese Studies. The pdf of the article still reflects the old journal name; issue number and page range are consistent.

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The Naturalisation of Motherhood Within Marriage and its Implications for Chinese Academic Women

Xie

2019

bjocs

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“…Because most workers were hired by state-owned enterprises, strict labor policies largely countered gendered wage inequality between and within occupations. Gender equality slogans such as "what a male comrade can do, a female comrade can also do" and "women hold up half the sky" encouraged women to participate widely in the labor force, not just in traditionally female-typed sectors (Honig and Hershatter, 1988). Work units, used to organize employees during the period of high socialism, provided institutional support, such as public child care, for all workers, which was essential for encouraging women's labor participation (Honig and Hershatter, 1988;Wu, 2019).…”

Section: The Role Of Mothers In Children's Education In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender equality slogans such as "what a male comrade can do, a female comrade can also do" and "women hold up half the sky" encouraged women to participate widely in the labor force, not just in traditionally female-typed sectors (Honig and Hershatter, 1988). Work units, used to organize employees during the period of high socialism, provided institutional support, such as public child care, for all workers, which was essential for encouraging women's labor participation (Honig and Hershatter, 1988;Wu, 2019). Overall, state policies, institutional support at the workplace, and socialist gender norms enabled married women to work full-time and obtain comparable wage income and occupational status to men (Honig and Hershatter, 1988).…”

Section: The Role Of Mothers In Children's Education In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work units, used to organize employees during the period of high socialism, provided institutional support, such as public child care, for all workers, which was essential for encouraging women's labor participation (Honig and Hershatter, 1988;Wu, 2019). Overall, state policies, institutional support at the workplace, and socialist gender norms enabled married women to work full-time and obtain comparable wage income and occupational status to men (Honig and Hershatter, 1988). At the same time, the long-existing traditional gender norms in China may still play in a role in the distribution of household tasks.…”

Section: The Role Of Mothers In Children's Education In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only is there a high rate of women's labor force participation in China, but also mothers are likely to have similar economic and cultural resources as fathers. Gender equality campaigns in China during the period of "high socialism" significantly motivated women to achieve as much as men in the workplace (Honig and Hershatter, 1988). Therefore, it is not unreasonable to expect that in China mothers play a similar role to fathers in the status transmission process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mothers’ socioeconomic status and children's status attainment during the Chinese market transition

Kong

2024

Chinese Journal of Sociology

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Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of mothers in children's status attainment process in Western societies. Using pooled data from two nationally representative surveys in China, this study investigates the influence of mothers’ socioeconomic status (education and occupation) on the status attainment of men and women in a socialist country and how maternal impact changed with the market reform. In total, 10,124 sons and 8984 daughters born between 1943 and 1985 were studied. Using chained multiple imputation data and linear regressions, this study finds that mothers’ socioeconomic status matters for both sons’ and daughters’ status attainment and, in the case of daughters, is as important as that of fathers. With the economic transition, the influence of mothers’ education has become more important for both sons’ and daughters’ education and can thus indirectly benefit their occupational status attainment. Mothers’ occupational status, however, has become less important for sons’ and daughters’ occupational status attainment with the transition, whereas the influence of fathers’ occupational status has remained the same. These findings suggest that the re-emergence of traditional gender norms that has accompanied the market reform has played a role in shaping the status attainment process of men and women. Since the reform, the role of mothers has been more restricted to the family domain.

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2016

A Companion to Chinese History

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Personal Voices

Cited by 245 publications

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The Naturalisation of Motherhood Within Marriage and its Implications for Chinese Academic Women

The Naturalisation of Motherhood Within Marriage and its Implications for Chinese Academic Women

Mothers’ socioeconomic status and children's status attainment during the Chinese market transition

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