Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide

Palmes, E. D.; Gunnison, Albert F.; DiMattio, Joseph; Tomczyk, C.

doi:10.1080/0002889768507522

Cited by 476 publications

(236 citation statements)

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“…The first application of passive samplers was the monitoring of human exposure at workplace atmospheres (Palmes et al 1976). The average atmospheric concentration is calculated by Fick's first law, using the exposure period (Palmes and Lindenboom 1979).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Afif

Chélala

Borbon

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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While sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions have been dramatically restricted in the past few decades, some cities in developing countries still encounter high pollution levels. This makes it essential to implement an air quality monitoring network in these sensitive regions. Results from a program of measuring groundlevel concentration of SO 2 (from December 2004 till July 2006) at 22 curbside and background sites within the city of Beirut (Lebanon) are presented for the first time. Four-week sampling period measurements were made over 20 periods for all sites by passive sampling. Low SO 2 concentrations were observed (3.1 parts per billion on average for the whole period). This value is among the lowest observed in urban areas worldwide. Thus, Beirut is not polluted by SO 2 on an annual basis. Highest concentrations were measured in winter time, resulting from low height of the boundary layer and higher emissions of SO 2 (e.g., heating). Cluster analysis revealed two different SO 2 variation patterns over the city (high-and low-level patterns), highlighting the effects of local sources location and wind direction variability on SO 2 distribution. Analysis of seasonal variations pointed out a springtime SO 2 maximum in 2005. Beside local sources, long-range transport can account for an important source of SO 2 in Beirut, explaining around 50% of SO 2 levels within the city.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Afif

Chélala

Borbon

et al. 2008

Air Qual Atmos Health

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“…NO 2 concentrations were measured with Palmes tube diffusive samplers, which provide an integrated average of the NO 2 concentration over a defined sampling period. 27,28 While Palmes tubes have been used extensively for surveys of indoor NO 2 concentrations, they are subject to quantitative interference from nitrous acid (HONO). 29 Earlier work suggests that HONO may account for approximately 15% of the measured NO 2 in indoor environments with combustion sources.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Dioxide in Indoor Ice Skating Facilities: An International Survey

Bräuer

Lee²,

Spengler

et al. 1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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second indoor sample (collected at a spectator's area) was 221 ppb, with a range of 1-3,175 ppb. The ratio of the indoor to outdoor NO 2 concentrations was above 1 for 95% of the rinks sampled, indicating the presence of an indoor NO 2 source (mean indoor:outdoor ratio = 20). Estimates of short-term NO 2 concentrations indicated that as many as 40% of the sampled rinks would have exceeded the World Health Organization 1-hour guideline value of 213 ppb NO 2 for indoor air.Statistically significant associations were observed between NO 2 levels and the type of fuel used to power the resurfacer, ABSTRACTAn international survey of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) levels inside indoor ice skating facilities was conducted. One-week average NO 2 concentrations were measured inside and outside of 332 ice rinks located in nine countries. Each rink manager also completed a questionnaire describing the building, the resurfacing machines, and their use patterns. The (arithmetic) mean NO 2 level for all rinks in the study was 228 ppb, with a range of 1-2,680 ppb, based on a sample collected at breathing height and adjacent to the ice surface. The mean of the Brauer, Lee, Spengler, Salonen, Pennanen, Braathen, Mihalikova, Miskovic, Nozaki, Tsuzuki, Rui-Jin, Xu, Qing-Xiang, Drahonovska, and Kjaergaard Journal of the Air & Waste Management AssociationVolume 47 October 1997 the absence of a catalytic converter on a resurfacer, and the use of an ice edger. There were also indications that decreased use of mechanical ventilation, increased number of resurfacing operations per day, and smaller rink volumes were associated with increased NO 2 levels. In rinks where the main resurfacer was powered by propane, the NO 2 concentrations were higher than in those with gasoline-powered resurfacers, while the latter had NO 2 concentrations higher than in those using diesel. Rinks where the main resurfacer was electric had the lowest indoor NO 2 concentrations, similar to the levels measured outdoors.

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“…Such monitor must be nonobstructive and lightweight. The development of a small, inexpensive, and reliable passive monitor for nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) by Palmes et al (1976) has made a large-scale general population study on personal exposure measurements possible. In addition, small continuous monitors for carbon monoxide were developed and used in a large population exposure study (Akland et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal and daily variability of personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide

Lee

Bartell

Paek

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Chronic exposure is often assessed using a single measurement per individual or group. However, daily levels of personal exposure can vary greatly. Chronic exposure classification by a single measurement could be significantly affected by the interpersonal and daily variations of exposures. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using a single personal exposure measurement on estimating long-term exposure. This study used measurements of consecutive 14 daily personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) of 50 individuals in Yeochun, Korea. The daily personal exposures were measured by passive samplers. Personal exposure to NO 2 was associated with gas cooking, and personal exposure to SO 2 was associated with ambient air pollution. Mixed effects models indicated that daily variability was greater than interpersonal variability for both the pollutants. Effectiveness of using single-day personal measurements for long-term population mean exposure was supported by relatively consistent daily population averages, but multiple-day measurements might be warranted for characterizing individual exposures or high-end population exposures such as the 95th percentile. Although classification of high and low exposure groups by 1-day exposure and by 14-day exposure produced similar group totals, 20% of individual NO 2 exposures and 31% of individual SO 2 exposures were misclassified using 1-day exposures. Average values of 1-day exposure and 14-day exposure were significantly different, but the difference decreased by an increase in the number of measurements for the short-term exposure. The findings were similar for both NO 2 and SO 2 , although the two air pollutants have different sources and behaviors.

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Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide

Cited by 476 publications

References 0 publications

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

SO2 in Beirut: air quality implication and effects of local emissions and long-range transport

Nitrogen Dioxide in Indoor Ice Skating Facilities: An International Survey

Interpersonal and daily variability of personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide

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